Ueki Hirofumi, Holzapfel Christian, Sakado Kaoru, Washino Kaei, Inoue Masato, Ogawa Naoshi, Ietsugu Tetsuji, Takai Akihiro
Psychiatric University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
Psychopathology. 2006;39(3):113-9. doi: 10.1159/000091795. Epub 2006 Mar 1.
There have been few studies concerning the prevalence of Typus melancholicus (TM) in healthy volunteers based on age or sex. To our knowledge, no such studies have been performed in healthy Germans, but several in healthy Japanese people. Therefore, it is necessary to also determine the prevalence of TM in healthy Germans, in order to know whether the prevalence of TM is cross-culturally constant.
We examined the prevalence of TM in 121 healthy German volunteers (62 men and 59 women with a mean age +/- SD of 43.9 +/- 16.8 years and 47.4 +/- 15.9 years, respectively). Kasahara's Inventory for the Melancholic Type Personality (KIMTP) and von Zerssen's F-List (F-List) were used to identify TM. The subjects were divided by age into three groups: those aged 40 years or less (group A), those aged 41-60 years (group B), and those aged 61 years or more (group C). Mean total KIMTP and F-List scores were calculated. In addition, we also calculated mean scores of the two KIMTP TM factors ['harmony in personal relationships' (factor 1) and 'social norms' (factor 2)]. Differences in scores between men and women were analyzed by Student's t test. Differences in scores between the three age groups were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and Scheffé's test.
The KIMTP and F-List scores increased with age in both men and women. In the women, the KIMTP and F-List scores were significantly higher in groups B and C than in group A. In the women, the group C KIMTP factor 1 score was significantly higher than the group A KIMTP factor 1 score. The KIMTP and F-List scores tended to be higher for the women than for the men. Within groups B and C, the KIMTP and F-List scores and the KIMTP factor 1 score were significantly higher for the women than for the men.
Overall, the sex and age distributions of scores for both questionnaires were similar to those obtained in previous studies in Japanese people. It is of note that our German subjects and previous Japanese subjects were not demographically controlled and, clearly, cultural backgrounds differed. Thus, KIMTP and the F-List may discriminate the TM personality with some degree of universality despite cultural differences and might be useful in cross-cultural comparisons of TM.
关于忧郁型人格（TM）在健康志愿者中按年龄或性别的患病率的研究较少。据我们所知，尚未在健康的德国人中进行过此类研究，但在健康的日本人中进行过几项研究。因此，有必要确定健康德国人中TM的患病率，以了解TM的患病率在不同文化中是否恒定。
我们对121名健康的德国志愿者（62名男性和59名女性，平均年龄±标准差分别为43.9±16.8岁和47.4±15.9岁）进行了TM患病率的检查。使用笠原忧郁型人格量表（KIMTP）和冯·泽尔森F量表（F-List）来识别TM。受试者按年龄分为三组：40岁及以下（A组）、41 - 60岁（B组）和61岁及以上（C组）。计算KIMTP和F-List的总平均分。此外，我们还计算了KIMTP的两个TM因子['人际关系和谐'（因子1）和'社会规范'（因子2）]的平均分。通过学生t检验分析男女之间得分的差异。通过单因素方差分析和谢弗检验评估三个年龄组之间得分的差异。
男性和女性的KIMTP和F-List得分均随年龄增长。在女性中，B组和C组的KIMTP和F-List得分显著高于A组。在女性中，C组的KIMTP因子1得分显著高于A组的KIMTP因子1得分。女性的KIMTP和F-List得分往往高于男性。在B组和C组中，女性的KIMTP和F-List得分以及KIMTP因子1得分显著高于男性。
总体而言，两份问卷得分的性别和年龄分布与之前在日本人中进行的研究结果相似。值得注意的是，我们的德国受试者与之前的日本受试者在人口统计学上未进行对照，而且文化背景明显不同。因此，尽管存在文化差异，KIMTP和F-List可能在一定程度上具有普遍性地鉴别TM人格，并且可能有助于TM的跨文化比较。
