De Souza M J, Maguire M S, Maresh C M, Kraemer W J, Rubin K R, Loucks A B
Department of Sport, Leisure, and Exercise Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06268.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1991 Jun;70(6):2378-87. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1991.70.6.2378.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and prolactin responses following maximal and submaximal (40 min at 80% maximal O2 consumption) running were studied in eumenorrheic (ER; n = 8, 29.0 +/- 1.5 yr) and amenorrheic (AR; n = 8, 24.5 +/- 2.0 yr) runners. ER were studied in the early follicular and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Physical, training, and gynecological characteristics were similar, and cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to the exercises were indistinguishable in the groups. ACTH, cortisol, and prolactin data from the follicular luteal phases in ER were combined for comparison to AR, because no differences were noted between the menstrual phases at rest. Similar preexercise ACTH levels and responses following exercise occurred in both groups, but preexercise cortisol levels were elevated (ER = 293.1 +/- 46.3, AR = 479.6 +/- 42.4 nmol/l) and cortisol responses blunted in AR. Adrenal sensitivity was blunted in AR compared with ER after submaximal (ER = 121.9 +/- 17.4, AR = 51.7 +/- 13.6) and maximal exercise (ER = 27.9 +/- 9.2, AR = 12.1 +/- 3.8). Preexercise prolactin levels were reduced (ER = 16.4 +/- 2.7, AR = 10 +/- 2.3 micrograms/l), and prolactin responses to maximal exercises were blunted in AR, despite high lactate levels (11.4 +/- 0.4 mmol/l). We conclude that 1) control for menstrual phase in ER is important in studies of prolactin responses following exercise but not in studies of ACTH and cortisol responses following exercise, 2) cortisol responses following submaximal and maximal exercise in AR are blunted at the adrenal level, 3) prolactin responses following submaximal and maximal exercise are also blunted in AR, and 4) prolactin responses following exercise may be mediated by adrenal activation.
研究了正常月经周期（ER；n = 8，29.0±1.5岁）和闭经（AR；n = 8，24.5±2.0岁）跑步者在进行最大强度和次最大强度（80%最大摄氧量下持续40分钟）跑步后促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质醇和催乳素的反应。对ER在月经周期的卵泡早期和黄体中期进行了研究。两组的身体、训练和妇科特征相似，对运动的心肺和代谢反应无明显差异。由于静息时月经周期各阶段之间未发现差异，因此将ER卵泡期和黄体期的ACTH、皮质醇和催乳素数据合并以与AR进行比较。两组运动前ACTH水平及运动后反应相似，但AR运动前皮质醇水平升高（ER = 293.1±46.3，AR = 479.6±42.4 nmol/l），且皮质醇反应减弱。与ER相比，AR在次最大强度运动（ER = 121.9±17.4，AR = 51.7±13.6）和最大强度运动（ER = 27.9±9.2，AR = 12.1±3.8）后肾上腺敏感性降低。运动前催乳素水平降低（ER = 16.4±2.7，AR = 10±2.3微克/升），尽管乳酸水平较高（11.4±0.4 mmol/l），但AR对最大强度运动的催乳素反应仍减弱。我们得出结论：1）在研究运动后催乳素反应时，控制ER的月经周期阶段很重要，但在研究运动后ACTH和皮质醇反应时则不然；2）AR在次最大强度和最大强度运动后的皮质醇反应在肾上腺水平减弱；3）AR在次最大强度和最大强度运动后的催乳素反应也减弱；4）运动后的催乳素反应可能由肾上腺激活介导。
