Modig L, Järvholm B, Rönnmark E, Nyström L, Lundbäck B, Andersson C, Forsberg B
Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Eur Respir J. 2006 Jul;28(1):75-81. doi: 10.1183/09031936.06.00071505. Epub 2006 Mar 15.
The objective of this case-control study was to evaluate whether traffic-related air pollution exposure at home increases the risk of asthma in adults and to compare two commonly used exposure variables and differences between urban and rural living. Incident cases of asthma and matched controls of subjects aged 20-60 yrs were recruited in Luleå, Sweden. In total 203 cases and 203 controls were enrolled in the study. Exposure was estimated by traffic flow and measured levels of outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the surrounding environment of each home, respectively. The relationship between measured levels of NO2 and traffic flow was studied using linear regression. The results indicated a nonsignificant tendency between living in a home close to a high traffic flow and an increased risk of asthma. The association between asthma and measured NO2 was weak and not significant, but the skin-prick test result acted as an effect modifier with a borderline significant association among positives. The correlation between traffic flow and outdoor NO2 was low. The results suggest that living close to high traffic flows might increase the asthma incidence in adults, while the tendency for nitrogen dioxide was only seen among atopics. Traffic flow and nitrogen dioxide had a lower than expected correlation.
这项病例对照研究的目的是评估在家中接触与交通相关的空气污染是否会增加成年人患哮喘的风险，并比较两个常用的接触变量以及城乡居住之间的差异。在瑞典吕勒奥招募了20至60岁哮喘新发病例及匹配的对照对象。该研究共纳入203例病例和203名对照。分别通过交通流量和各家庭周边环境中室外二氧化氮（NO₂）的实测水平来估算接触情况。使用线性回归研究了实测NO₂水平与交通流量之间的关系。结果表明，居住在交通流量大的附近家庭与哮喘风险增加之间存在不显著的趋势。哮喘与实测NO₂之间的关联较弱且不显著，但皮肤点刺试验结果起到了效应修饰作用，在阳性者中存在边缘显著关联。交通流量与室外NO₂之间的相关性较低。结果表明，居住在交通流量大的附近可能会增加成年人哮喘的发病率，而二氧化氮的这种趋势仅在特应性个体中可见。交通流量与二氧化氮的相关性低于预期。
