Smoak Natalie D, Scott-Sheldon Lori A J, Johnson Blair T, Carey Michael P
Center for Health/HIV Intervention and Prevention, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT 06269-1248, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Mar;41(3):374-84. doi: 10.1097/01.qai.0000185575.36591.fc.
A meta-analytic review of the influence of HIV risk reduction interventions on sexual occasions, number of partners, and abstinence was conducted to assess whether condom-related interventions inadvertently undermine sexual risk reduction efforts by increasing the frequency of sexual behavior. Included studies examined sexual risk reduction strategies and used a controlled design. Data from 174 studies (206 interventions, N = 116,735 participants) were included. In general, HIV risk reduction interventions neither increased nor decreased sexual occasions or number of partners reported. Participants in intervention conditions were less likely to be sexually active than those in control conditions. When samples included more black participants, interventions reduced the number of sexual occasions; interventions were more successful at reducing the number of partners in samples that included more men who have sex with men (MSM) or individuals engaged in sex trading. Samples that included more MSM were more likely to adopt abstinence as a risk reduction strategy. Interventions that included more information, motivational enhancement, and skills training also led to greater risk reduction. HIV risk reduction interventions do not increase the overall frequency of sexual activity. To the contrary, for some subgroups, interventions that include components recommended by behavioral science theory reduce the frequency of sexual events and partners.
对降低艾滋病毒风险干预措施对性接触次数、性伴侣数量和禁欲的影响进行了一项荟萃分析综述，以评估与避孕套相关的干预措施是否会因增加性行为频率而无意中破坏降低性风险的努力。纳入的研究考察了降低性风险策略，并采用了对照设计。纳入了来自174项研究（206项干预措施，N = 116,735名参与者）的数据。总体而言，降低艾滋病毒风险的干预措施既未增加也未减少报告的性接触次数或性伴侣数量。干预组的参与者比对照组的参与者性活跃的可能性更小。当样本中黑人参与者较多时，干预措施减少了性接触次数；在包含更多男男性行为者（MSM）或从事性交易的个体的样本中，干预措施在减少性伴侣数量方面更成功。包含更多男男性行为者的样本更有可能采用禁欲作为降低风险的策略。包含更多信息、动机增强和技能培训的干预措施也导致更大程度的风险降低。降低艾滋病毒风险的干预措施不会增加性活动的总体频率。相反，对于一些亚组，包含行为科学理论推荐成分的干预措施会减少性接触和性伴侣的频率。
