Wu Jian, Oka Jun, Higuchi Mitsuru, Tabata Izumi, Toda Toshiya, Fujioka Maiko, Fuku Noriyuki, Teramoto Takanori, Okuhira Takenori, Ueno Tomomi, Uchiyama Shigeto, Urata Kouji, Yamada Kazuhiko, Ishimi Yoshiko
Division of Applied Food Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
Metabolism. 2006 Apr;55(4):423-33. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.10.002.
Cooperative effects of isoflavones and exercise on bone and lipid metabolism have been exhibited in estrogen-deficient animals; however, results from clinical trials have not been published. In this study, we determined the effects of isoflavone intake and walking and their interaction on bone and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women over 24 weeks. The bioavailability and metabolism of isoflavones (daidzein in particular) were also examined to clarify the mechanism of their bone-protective effects in humans. One hundred twenty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to 4 groups: placebo; placebo combined with walking (3 times per week); isoflavone intake (75 mg of isoflavones conjugates per day); and isoflavone combined with walking. The subjects were classified by equol status (producers or nonproducers) as identified using production of equol from daidzein in fecal culture. Bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and serum concentrations of isoflavones were assessed. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration significantly increased (6.1%, P = .03), and fat mass in the whole body significantly decreased (-4.3%, P = .0003) from the baseline in the combined intervention group. There were no significant differences in BMD between baseline and postintervention in any of the treatment groups. However, the percent changes in BMD in equol producers were -0.53% and +0.13% in the sub-whole body and total hip, respectively. This was significantly different compared with -1.35 and -1.77 for the sub-whole body and total hip, respectively, in nonproducers in the isoflavone group (P = .049 and .040, respectively). The mean serum equol concentration was significantly higher in equol producers than in nonproducers in the isoflavone groups, but not in the placebo group. The combination of isoflavones and exercise exhibited favorable effects on serum lipid and body composition of postmenopausal women. The findings of this study suggest that the preventive effects of isoflavones on bone loss depend on the individual's intestinal flora for equol production.
异黄酮与运动对雌激素缺乏动物的骨骼和脂质代谢具有协同作用；然而，临床试验结果尚未发表。在本研究中，我们确定了异黄酮摄入和步行及其相互作用对绝经后妇女24周内骨骼和脂质代谢的影响。还研究了异黄酮（尤其是大豆苷元）的生物利用度和代谢，以阐明其对人体骨骼保护作用的机制。128名受试者被随机分为4组：安慰剂组；安慰剂联合步行组（每周3次）；异黄酮摄入组（每天摄入75毫克异黄酮共轭物）；异黄酮联合步行组。根据粪便培养中大豆苷元产生雌马酚的情况，将受试者分为雌马酚产生者或非产生者。评估骨矿物质密度（BMD）、身体成分和异黄酮血清浓度。联合干预组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度较基线显著升高（6.1%，P = 0.03），全身脂肪量显著降低（-4.3%，P = 0.0003）。任何治疗组干预前后的BMD均无显著差异。然而，雌马酚产生者全身和全髋部BMD的百分比变化分别为-0.53%和+0.13%。这与异黄酮组非产生者全身和全髋部分别为-1.35和-1.77相比有显著差异（分别为P = 0.049和0.040）。异黄酮组中，雌马酚产生者的平均血清雌马酚浓度显著高于非产生者，但安慰剂组无此差异。异黄酮与运动的联合对绝经后妇女的血脂和身体成分有有益影响。本研究结果表明，异黄酮对骨质流失的预防作用取决于个体肠道菌群产生雌马酚的能力。
