Caldas E D, Boon P E, Tressou J
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, 70919-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Toxicology. 2006 May 1;222(1-2):132-42. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.02.006. Epub 2006 Mar 6.
In the present study, the cumulative exposure of 25 acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibiting pesticides through the consumption of nine fruits and vegetables by the Brazilian population was assessed. Food consumption data were obtained from a household budget survey conducted in all Brazilian states from July 2002 to June 2003. Residue data from 4001 samples were obtained from the Brazilian national monitoring program on pesticide residues. Relative potency factors (RPF) were calculated with methamidophos or acephate as index compounds (IC), using BMD(10) or NOAEL for AChE inhibition, mostly in rat brain, obtained from national and international pesticide evaluations. Monocrotophos and triazophos, in addition to aldicarb, had the highest calculated RPF in any scenario. The exposure to AChE inhibiting pesticides for the general population at P99.9, represented 33.6% of the ARfD as methamidophos and 70.2% ARfD as acephate. The exposure calculated as acephate could exceed the ARfD at the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval for this percentile. Exposure for children aged up to 6 years were, on average, 2.4 times higher than the exposure for the general population. Tomato represented about 67% of the total intake of AChE inhibiting pesticides. The highest calculated equivalent residues in tomato, which drove most of the estimated intakes at the high percentiles, were related to the illegal use of monocrotophos and triazophos in this crop.
在本研究中，评估了巴西人群通过食用九种水果和蔬菜对25种抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的农药的累积暴露情况。食物消费数据来自于2002年7月至2003年6月在巴西所有州进行的家庭预算调查。4001个样本的残留数据来自巴西国家农药残留监测计划。以甲胺磷或乙酰甲胺磷作为指示化合物（IC），使用从国家和国际农药评估中获得的、主要针对大鼠脑内AChE抑制作用的BMD(10)或无可见有害作用水平（NOAEL）来计算相对毒性因子（RPF）。除涕灭威外，久效磷和三唑磷在任何情况下计算得出的RPF最高。一般人群在P99.9水平下对抑制AChE农药的暴露量，以甲胺磷计占急性参考剂量（ARfD）的33.6%，以乙酰甲胺磷计占ARfD的70.2%。以乙酰甲胺磷计算的暴露量在该百分位数的95%置信区间上限可能超过ARfD。6岁及以下儿童的暴露量平均比一般人群高2.4倍。番茄约占抑制AChE农药总摄入量的67%。番茄中计算得出的最高等效残留量导致了大部分高百分位数的估计摄入量，这与该作物中非法使用久效磷和三唑磷有关。
