Friedman L C
Tobacco Control Resource Center, Northeastern School of Law, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Tob Control. 2006 Apr;15(2):120-4. doi: 10.1136/tc.2005.013128.
This paper examines the tobacco industry's efforts to influence litigation by sponsoring judicial seminars.
Thousands of internal tobacco documents were examined, including memos, reports, presentations, and newsletters. Connections to outside organisations were corroborated by examining tobacco industry financial records, budgets, and letters pledging funds. Facts about outside organisations were triangulated through examining their websites and publicly-filed financial records, and verifying facts through their representatives' statements in newspaper and law review articles.
There are direct financial ties between the tobacco industry and groups that organise judicial seminars in an effort to influence jurisprudence, and judges who attend these seminars may be breaching judicial ethics either by not inquiring about the source of funding or by ignoring funding by potential litigants.
The tobacco industry's attempts to clandestinely influence judges' decisions in cases to which they are a party endangers the integrity of the judiciary.
本文考察烟草行业通过主办司法研讨会来影响诉讼的种种努力。
查阅了数千份烟草行业内部文件，包括备忘录、报告、演示文稿和时事通讯。通过审查烟草行业的财务记录、预算和认捐资金的信件，证实了与外部组织的联系。通过审查外部组织的网站和公开备案的财务记录，并通过其代表在报纸和法律评论文章中的陈述来核实事实，从而对外部组织的情况进行多方印证。
烟草行业与组织司法研讨会以影响判例法的团体之间存在直接财务联系，而参加这些研讨会的法官可能违反司法道德，要么不询问资金来源，要么忽视潜在诉讼当事人的资助。
烟草行业试图秘密影响其作为一方当事人的案件中法官的裁决，这危及司法机构的公正性。
