Afman Lydia, Müller Michael
Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Chair Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Apr;106(4):569-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.01.001.
Until recently, nutrition research concentrated on nutrient deficiencies and impairment of health. The advent of genomics-interpreted broadly as a suite of high throughput technologies for the generation, processing, and application of scientific information about the composition and functions of genomes-has created unprecedented opportunities for increasing our understanding of how nutrients modulate gene and protein expression and ultimately influence cellular and organismal metabolism. Nutritional genomics (nutrigenomics), the junction between health, diet, and genomics, can be seen as the combination of molecular nutrition and genomics. The diverse tissue and organ-specific effects of bioactive dietary components include gene-expression patterns (transcriptome); organization of the chromatin (epigenome); protein-expression patterns, including posttranslational modifications (proteome); as well as metabolite profiles (metabolome). Nutrigenomics will promote an increased understanding of how nutrition influences metabolic pathways and homeostatic control, how this regulation is disturbed in the early phases of diet-related disease, and the extent to which individual sensitizing genotypes contribute to such diseases. Eventually, nutrigenomics will lead to evidence-based dietary intervention strategies for restoring health and fitness and for preventing diet-related disease. In this review, we provide a brief overview of nutrigenomics from our point of view by describing current strategies, future opportunities, and challenges.
直到最近，营养研究还集中在营养缺乏和健康损害方面。基因组学的出现——广义上被视为一套用于生成、处理和应用有关基因组组成与功能的科学信息的高通量技术——为增进我们对营养素如何调节基因和蛋白质表达以及最终影响细胞和机体代谢的理解创造了前所未有的机会。营养基因组学（nutrigenomics），即健康、饮食与基因组学的交叉领域，可被视为分子营养与基因组学的结合。生物活性膳食成分对不同组织和器官的特异性作用包括基因表达模式（转录组）；染色质的组织（表观基因组）；蛋白质表达模式，包括翻译后修饰（蛋白质组）；以及代谢物谱（代谢组）。营养基因组学将促进人们更多地了解营养如何影响代谢途径和稳态控制，在饮食相关疾病的早期阶段这种调节是如何被扰乱的，以及个体敏感基因型在多大程度上导致了此类疾病。最终，营养基因组学将带来基于证据的饮食干预策略，以恢复健康和体能，并预防饮食相关疾病。在这篇综述中，我们从我们的角度通过描述当前策略、未来机遇和挑战，对营养基因组学进行简要概述。
