Pilgrim Colleen C, Schulenberg John E, O'Malley Patrick M, Bachman Jerald G, Johnston Lloyd D
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106-1248, USA.
Prev Sci. 2006 Mar;7(1):75-89. doi: 10.1007/s11121-005-0019-9.
Current social developmental theories of drug use often incorporate mediation processes, but it is generally unknown whether these mediation processes generalize across ethnicity and gender. In the present study, we developed a mediation model of substance use based on current theory and research and then tested the extent to which the model was moderated by gender and ethnicity (African American, European American, and Hispanic American), separately for 8th and 10th graders. The respondents were adolescents from the 1994, 1995, and 1996 cohorts of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) project, which conducts yearly in-school surveys with nationally representative samples. Multi-group, structural equation modeling (SEM) results indicated much similarity across gender and ethnicity for school success and time spent with friends as partial mediators of risk taking and parental involvement on drug use (controlling for parental education). However, there were some differences in the magnitude of indirect effects of parental involvement and risk taking on substance use for 8th-grade African American girls. Discussion focuses on the potential success of prevention efforts across different ethnicities and gender that target parent-child relationship improvement and risk taking, and considers possible culture- and gender-specific issues.
当前关于药物使用的社会发展理论通常包含中介过程，但这些中介过程是否能在不同种族和性别中普遍适用，目前尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们基于当前的理论和研究构建了一个药物使用的中介模型，然后分别针对八年级和十年级学生，测试该模型在性别和种族（非裔美国人、欧裔美国人以及西班牙裔美国人）方面的调节程度。受访者是来自“监测未来”（MTF）项目1994年、1995年和1996年队列的青少年，该项目每年对具有全国代表性的样本进行校内调查。多组结构方程模型（SEM）结果表明，在学业成就以及与朋友相处时间作为冒险行为和父母参与对药物使用影响（控制父母教育程度）的部分中介变量方面，不同性别和种族之间存在许多相似之处。然而，八年级非裔美国女孩在父母参与和冒险行为对药物使用的间接影响程度上存在一些差异。讨论聚焦于针对改善亲子关系和冒险行为的不同种族和性别的预防措施的潜在成效，并考虑可能存在的文化和性别特定问题。
