Zapata Roblyer Martha I, Grzywacz Joseph G, Cervantes Richard C, Merten Michael J
Oklahoma State University, Department of Human Development and Family Science, 700 N. Greenwood Ave., MH 2403, Tulsa, OK 74106-0700
Oklahoma State University, Department of Human Development and Family Science, Tulsa, OK.
J Child Fam Stud. 2016 Feb 1;25(2):475-487. doi: 10.1007/s10826-015-0249-9. Epub 2015 Jun 30.
Families in which one or more members are undocumented immigrants experience unique hardships. Yet, little is known about stress and substance use among adolescents growing up in these families. The present study examined associations between two sources of adolescent stress (i.e., low parental involvement due to contextual constraints and family economic insecurity) and lifetime alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use among adolescents in families with undocumented members. The sample was comprised of 102 adolescents (10-18 years old) and one of his or her parents. Participants responded a survey in English or Spanish. Adolescent lifetime use of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana was 51%, 32.4%, and 37.3%, respectively. Chi-Square analyses found no significant gender differences in lifetime substance use. Logistic regression models showed that adolescent stress due to hindered parental involvement increased the odds of both lifetime cigarette and marijuana use after controlling for gender, age, linguistic acculturation, familism, parental control, and negative peer affiliation. Being a girl increased the odds of lifetime alcohol use. Family economic stress was not associated with lifetime substance use. Results suggest that hindered parental involvement might be a stressor and a risk factor for cigarette and marijuana use among adolescents growing up in families with undocumented members. Because parents in these families are likely to be undocumented, policies that allow immigrants to apply for legal status could improve parents' working conditions and facilitate parental involvement; in turn, such policies could decrease the risk for adolescent substance use among children of Latino immigrants.
家庭中若有一名或多名成员为无证移民，会面临独特的困境。然而，对于在这类家庭中成长的青少年的压力和物质使用情况，我们却知之甚少。本研究考察了青少年压力的两个来源（即因环境限制导致的父母参与度低和家庭经济不安全）与有无证成员家庭中青少年的终生酒精、香烟和大麻使用之间的关联。样本包括102名青少年（10至18岁）及其父母一方。参与者用英语或西班牙语回答了一项调查。青少年终生使用酒精、香烟和大麻的比例分别为51%、32.4%和37.3%。卡方分析发现，在终生物质使用方面不存在显著的性别差异。逻辑回归模型显示，在控制了性别、年龄、语言文化适应、家庭主义、父母控制和负面同伴关系后，因父母参与受阻导致的青少年压力增加了终生吸烟和使用大麻的几率。身为女孩会增加终生饮酒的几率。家庭经济压力与终生物质使用无关。结果表明，父母参与受阻可能是有无证成员家庭中青少年吸烟和使用大麻的一个压力源和风险因素。由于这类家庭中的父母很可能是无证的，允许移民申请合法身份的政策可以改善父母的工作条件并促进父母的参与；反过来，这类政策可以降低拉丁裔移民子女青少年物质使用的风险。
