Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
Prev Sci. 2018 May;19(4):570-578. doi: 10.1007/s11121-017-0853-6.
Adolescent substance use continues to be a significant public health problem. Parent training interventions are effective preventive strategies to reduce youth substance use. However, little is known about differences in effectiveness for youth across demographic characteristics. This review assessed the effectiveness of parent training programs at reducing adolescent substance use by participant gender, age, and race/ethnicity. Pubmed/MEDLINE, ERIC, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched from database origin to October 31, 2016. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated parent training interventions; reported youth initiation or use of tobacco, alcohol, or other illicit substances; and included adolescents aged 10 to 19. Two independent reviewers extracted data. Disagreements were resolved by consensus or a third researcher. Data were synthesized using harvest plots stratified by participant demographics. A total of 1806 publications were identified and reviewed; 38 unique studies were included. Risk of bias of included studies was high. No studies targeted male teens or youth in late adolescence. Few studies targeted Asian-American, Black/African-American, or Hispanic/Latino adolescents. Overall, interventions including male and female youth and youth in early adolescence (age 10 to 14 or in 5th to 8th grade) were more beneficial than interventions including female-only or both young and older adolescents. Programs tailored to specific racial/ethnic groups, as well as programs designed for youth from multiple races/ethnic groups, were effective. Current evidence supports the benefits of offering parenting guidance to all families with adolescent children, regardless of the gender, age, or race/ethnicity of the adolescent.
青少年物质使用问题仍然是一个严重的公共卫生问题。家长培训干预是减少青少年物质使用的有效预防策略。然而，对于不同人口统计学特征的青少年的有效性差异知之甚少。本综述评估了家长培训计划在减少青少年物质使用方面对参与者性别、年龄和种族/民族的有效性。从数据库建立到 2016 年 10 月 31 日，我们在 PubMed/MEDLINE、ERIC、CINAHL 和 PsycINFO 上进行了搜索。我们纳入了评估家长培训干预措施的随机对照试验；报告了青少年开始使用或使用烟草、酒精或其他非法物质；并纳入了年龄在 10 至 19 岁的青少年。两名独立的评审员提取数据。如有分歧，通过协商或第三名研究员解决。根据参与者的人口统计学数据分层，使用收获图对数据进行综合。共确定了 1806 篇出版物并进行了审查；纳入了 38 项独特的研究。纳入研究的偏倚风险很高。没有研究针对男性青少年或青少年晚期的青少年。很少有研究针对亚裔美国人、非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔青少年。总体而言，包括男性和女性青少年以及处于青春期早期（10 至 14 岁或 5 至 8 年级）的青少年的干预措施比仅包括女性或包括年轻和年龄较大的青少年的干预措施更有益。针对特定种族/族裔群体的计划以及针对来自多个种族/族裔群体的青少年的计划都很有效。现有证据支持为所有有青少年子女的家庭提供育儿指导的好处，无论青少年的性别、年龄或种族/民族如何。
