Mealer Meredith, Jones Rn Jacqueline
University of Colorado Denver, United States.
Nurse Res. 2014 Mar;21(4):32-7. doi: 10.7748/nr2014.03.21.4.32.e1229.
To explore the methodological and ethical issues of conducting qualitative telephone interviews about personal or professional trauma with critical care nurses.
The most common method for conducting interviews is face-to-face. However, there is evidence to support telephone interviewing on a variety of sensitive topics including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Qualitative telephone interviews can limit emotional distress because of the comfort experienced through virtual communication. Critical care nurses are at increased risk of developing PTSD due to the cumulative exposure to work-related stress in the intensive care unit. We explored the methodological and ethical issues of conducting qualitative telephone interviews, drawing on our experiences communicating with a group of critical care nurses.
Qualitative research interviews with 27 critical care nurses. Fourteen of the nurses met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD; 13 did not and had scores consistent with high levels of resilience.
This is a methodology paper on the authors' experiences of interviewing critical care nurses on sensitive topics via the telephone.
The authors found that establishing rapport and connections with the participants and the therapeutic use of non-verbal communication were essential, and fostered trust and compassion. The ethical issues of this mode of communication include protecting the privacy and confidentiality associated with the disclosure of sensitive information, and minimising the risk of psychological harm to the researcher and participants.
Qualitative telephone interviews are a valuable method of collecting information on sensitive topics.
IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH/PRACTICE: This paper explores a method of interviewing in the workplace. It will help inform interventions to promote healthy adaptation following trauma exposure in the intensive care unit.
探讨对重症监护护士就个人或职业创伤进行定性电话访谈的方法学和伦理问题。
进行访谈最常用的方法是面对面访谈。然而，有证据支持就包括创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）在内的各种敏感话题进行电话访谈。定性电话访谈可以减少情绪困扰，因为通过虚拟交流能让人感到舒适。由于在重症监护病房累积接触与工作相关的压力，重症监护护士患创伤后应激障碍的风险增加。我们借鉴与一组重症监护护士交流的经验，探讨了进行定性电话访谈的方法学和伦理问题。
对27名重症监护护士进行的定性研究访谈。其中14名护士符合创伤后应激障碍的诊断标准；13名不符合，其得分与高复原力水平一致。
这是一篇关于作者通过电话就敏感话题访谈重症监护护士的经验的方法学论文。
作者发现与参与者建立融洽关系和联系以及非语言交流的治疗性运用至关重要，能促进信任和同情。这种交流方式的伦理问题包括保护与敏感信息披露相关的隐私和保密性，以及将对研究者和参与者造成心理伤害的风险降至最低。
定性电话访谈是收集敏感话题信息的一种有价值的方法。
对研究/实践的启示：本文探讨了一种在工作场所进行访谈的方法。它将有助于为促进重症监护病房创伤暴露后健康适应的干预措施提供信息。
