Bjerneld Magdalena, Lindmark Gunilla, McSpadden Lucia Ann, Garrett Martha J
Centre for Public Health in Humanitarian Assistance (PHHA), International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala, Sweden.
Disaster Manag Response. 2006 Apr-Jun;4(2):49-58. doi: 10.1016/j.dmr.2006.01.002.
International nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) involved in humanitarian assistance employ millions of volunteers. One of the major challenges for the organizations is the high turnover rate among their personnel. Another is recruiting the right persons. As part of a series of studies investigating factors that affect the recruitment process and the success of assignment, this qualitative study examined health professionals' motivations for volunteering, their various concerns, and their expectations about themselves and the organizations for which they would work. The findings from focus group interviews with potential humanitarian volunteers were considered within the framework of Hertzberg's theory of motivations and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The study has significant implications for personnel policy and practice in the humanitarian sector. Recruitment officers should have the self-actualized person, as described by Maslow, in mind when interviewing candidates. This perspective would make it easier for them to understand the candidates' thoughts and concerns and would lead to more effective interventions. Program officers should have satisfiers and dissatisfiers, as identified by Herzberg, in mind when planning programs. The probability that personnel will leave humanitarian work is lower if they perceive working conditions as good.
参与人道主义援助的国际非政府组织（NGO）雇佣了数百万志愿者。这些组织面临的主要挑战之一是人员流动率高。另一个挑战是招募合适的人员。作为一系列调查影响招募过程和任务成功率因素的研究的一部分，这项定性研究考察了卫生专业人员参与志愿服务的动机、他们的各种担忧以及他们对自己和未来工作组织的期望。在赫兹伯格的动机理论和马斯洛的需求层次理论框架内，对潜在人道主义志愿者焦点小组访谈的结果进行了考量。该研究对人道主义部门的人事政策和实践具有重要意义。招聘人员在面试候选人时，应将马斯洛所描述的自我实现型的人记在心中。这种视角将使他们更容易理解候选人的想法和担忧，并能带来更有效的干预措施。项目官员在规划项目时，应将赫兹伯格所确定的激励因素和保健因素记在心中。如果工作人员认为工作条件良好，他们离开人道主义工作的可能性就会降低。
