Raap U, Ikoma A, Kapp A
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
Hautarzt. 2006 May;57(5):379-80, 382-4. doi: 10.1007/s00105-006-1125-8.
Neurophysiologic studies indicate that pruritus is a distinct sensation with its own neuronal pathways in the peripheral and central nervous system which are different from that of pain. Pruritus is a very disturbing sensation and most common skin-related symptom. Histamine was long considered to be the only mediator of pruritus. However, it has become evident that - besides histamine - a variety of neuromediators such as neurotrophins and neuropeptides as well as their receptors play an important role in pruritus. Neuromediators are produced by mast cells, keratinocytes and eosinophil granulocytes which are in close contact to sensory nerves. The discovery of these neurophysiological interactions opens new and promising therapeutic options for the treatment of pruritus.
神经生理学研究表明，瘙痒是一种独特的感觉，在周围和中枢神经系统中有其自身的神经元通路，这些通路与疼痛的神经元通路不同。瘙痒是一种非常令人困扰的感觉，也是最常见的皮肤相关症状。长期以来，组胺一直被认为是瘙痒的唯一介质。然而，显而易见的是，除了组胺之外，多种神经介质，如神经营养因子和神经肽及其受体，在瘙痒中也起着重要作用。神经介质由与感觉神经密切接触的肥大细胞、角质形成细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞产生。这些神经生理相互作用的发现为瘙痒的治疗开辟了新的、有前景的治疗选择。
