Pagan Jason L, Rose Richard J, Viken Richard J, Pulkkinen Lea, Kaprio Jaakko, Dick Danielle M
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Behav Genet. 2006 Jul;36(4):483-97. doi: 10.1007/s10519-006-9062-y. Epub 2006 Apr 4.
The progression to alcohol dependence unfolds across multiple stages, including the decision to initiate use, the development of regular patterns of use, and (for some individuals) the subsequent development of problems associated with alcohol use. Using data from two population-based, longitudinal twin studies, FinnTwin16 (FT16) and FinnTwin12 (FT12), we applied multiple stage genetic models (Heath et al., Twin Res. 5 (2002) 113) to better understand the extent to which genetic and environmental influences impact the initiation of alcohol use, frequency of use in adolescence and young adulthood, and alcohol problems in young adulthood. Shared environmental factors played a large role in initiation, and a more moderate role on frequency of use, and it was largely the same influences acting across these stages of use. However, there was no significant evidence of shared environmental influences on alcohol problems in early adulthood. Problems were largely influenced by genetic factors that overlapped with genetic influences on frequency of use. Unique environmental factors were largely specific to each stage, with some overlap between alcohol problems and frequency of use at age 25.
发展为酒精依赖会经历多个阶段，包括开始饮酒的决定、形成规律饮酒模式，以及（对一些人来说）随后出现与饮酒相关的问题。利用两项基于人群的纵向双胞胎研究——芬兰双胞胎16（FT16）和芬兰双胞胎12（FT12）的数据，我们应用了多阶段遗传模型（希思等人，《双胞胎研究》5（2002年）113），以更好地了解遗传和环境影响在多大程度上影响饮酒行为的起始、青少年和青年期的饮酒频率，以及青年期的酒精问题。共同环境因素在饮酒起始方面起很大作用，在饮酒频率方面起较适度的作用，并且在这些饮酒阶段中起作用的影响因素大致相同。然而，没有显著证据表明共同环境因素对成年早期的酒精问题有影响。酒精问题在很大程度上受与饮酒频率的遗传影响重叠的遗传因素影响。独特环境因素在很大程度上特定于每个阶段，在25岁时酒精问题和饮酒频率之间存在一些重叠。
