Winger Gail, Woods James H, Galuska Chad M, Wade-Galuska Tammy
Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0632, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2005 Nov;84(3):667-81. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2005.101-04.
Neuroscientific approaches to drug addiction traditionally have been based on the premise that addiction is a process that results from brain changes that in turn result from chronic administration of drugs of abuse. An alternative approach views drug addiction as a behavioral disorder in which drugs function as preeminent reinforcers. Although there is a fundamental discrepancy between these two approaches, the emerging neuroscience of reinforcement and choice behavior eventually may shed light on the brain mechanisms involved in excessive drug use. Behavioral scientists could assist in this understanding by devoting more attention to the assessment of differences in the reinforcing strength of drugs and by attempting to develop and validate behavioral models of addiction.
传统上，神经科学对药物成瘾的研究方法基于这样一个前提：成瘾是一个由大脑变化导致的过程，而大脑变化又是由长期滥用药物引起的。另一种方法则将药物成瘾视为一种行为障碍，在这种障碍中，药物起着卓越的强化物作用。尽管这两种方法存在根本差异，但新兴的强化与选择行为神经科学最终可能会揭示与过度药物使用相关的大脑机制。行为科学家可以通过更多地关注药物强化强度差异的评估，并尝试开发和验证成瘾行为模型来帮助实现这种理解。
