Podlesnik Christopher A, Shahan Timothy A
Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3415 Medical Science Building I, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5632, United States.
Behav Processes. 2010 May;84(1):400-11. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2010.02.001. Epub 2010 Feb 10.
Previous experiments on behavioral momentum have shown that relative resistance to extinction of operant behavior in the presence of a discriminative stimulus depends upon the baseline rate or magnitude of reinforcement associated with that stimulus (i.e., the Pavlovian stimulus-reinforcer relation). Recently, we have shown that relapse of operant behavior in reinstatement, resurgence, and context renewal preparations also is a function of baseline stimulus-reinforcer relations. In this paper we present new data examining the role of baseline stimulus-reinforcer relations on resistance to extinction and relapse using a variety of baseline training conditions and relapse operations. Furthermore, we evaluate the adequacy of a behavioral momentum based model in accounting for the results. The model suggests that relapse occurs as a result of a decrease in the disruptive impact of extinction precipitated by a change in circumstances associated with extinction, and that the degree of relapse is a function of the pre-extinction baseline Pavlovian stimulus-reinforcer relation. Across experiments, relative resistance to extinction and relapse were greater in the presence of stimuli associated with more favorable conditions of reinforcement and were positively related to one another. In addition, the model did a good job in accounting for these effects. Thus, behavioral momentum theory may provide a useful quantitative approach for characterizing how differential reinforcement conditions contribute to relapse of operant behavior.
以往关于行为动量的实验表明，在辨别性刺激存在的情况下，操作性行为对消退的相对抵抗力取决于与该刺激相关的强化的基线率或幅度（即巴甫洛夫刺激-强化物关系）。最近，我们已经表明，在恢复、复发和情境更新准备中操作性行为的复发也是基线刺激-强化物关系的函数。在本文中，我们展示了新的数据，这些数据使用各种基线训练条件和复发操作来检验基线刺激-强化物关系对消退抵抗力和复发的作用。此外，我们评估了基于行为动量的模型对结果的解释能力。该模型表明，复发是由于与消退相关的环境变化引发的消退的干扰性影响降低所致，并且复发的程度是消退前基线巴甫洛夫刺激-强化物关系的函数。在各个实验中，在与更有利的强化条件相关的刺激存在时，对消退和复发的相对抵抗力更大，并且彼此呈正相关。此外，该模型在解释这些效应方面表现良好。因此，行为动量理论可能为描述不同的强化条件如何导致操作性行为复发提供一种有用的定量方法。
