Ma Zhonghua, Proffer Tyre J, Jacobs Janette L, Sundin George W
Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, 103 Center for Integrated Plant Systems, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Apr;72(4):2581-5. doi: 10.1128/AEM.72.4.2581-2585.2006.
Sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides are widely used to control fungi pathogenic to humans and plants. Resistance to DMIs is mediated either through alterations in the structure of the target enzyme CYP51 (encoding 14alpha-demethylase), through increased expression of the CYP51 gene, or through increased expression of efflux pumps. We found that CYP51 expression in DMI-resistant (DMI(R)) isolates of the cherry leaf spot pathogen Blumeriella jaapii was increased 5- to 12-fold compared to that in DMI-sensitive (DMI(S)) isolates. Analysis of sequences upstream of CYP51 in 59 DMI(R) isolates revealed that various forms of a truncated non-long terminal direct repeat long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposon were present in all instances. Similar inserts upstream of CYP51 were not present in any of 22 DMI(S) isolates examined.
甾醇脱甲基抑制剂(DMI)类杀菌剂被广泛用于控制对人类和植物致病的真菌。对DMI的抗性是通过靶标酶CYP51(编码14α-脱甲基酶)结构的改变、CYP51基因表达的增加或外排泵表达的增加介导的。我们发现,与DMI敏感(DMI(S))分离株相比,樱桃叶斑病菌Blumeriella jaapii的DMI抗性(DMI(R))分离株中CYP51的表达增加了5至12倍。对59个DMI(R)分离株中CYP51上游序列的分析表明,在所有情况下都存在各种形式的截短的非长末端直接重复长散在核元件反转录转座子。在所检测的22个DMI(S)分离株中,没有一个在CYP51上游存在类似的插入序列。