Daboussi Marie-Josée, Capy Pierre
Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2003;57:275-99. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.091029.
The past 10 years have been productive in the characterization of fungal transposable elements (TEs). All eukaryotic TEs described are found including an extraordinary prevalence of active members of the pogo family. The role of TEs in mutation and genome organization is well documented, leading to significant advances in our perception of the mechanisms underlying genetic changes in these organisms. TE-mediated changes, associated with transposition and recombination, provide a broad range of genetic variation, which is useful for natural populations in their adaptation to environmental constraints, especially for those lacking the sexual stage. Interestingly, some fungal species have evolved distinct silencing mechanisms that are regarded as host defense systems against TEs. The examination of forces acting on the evolutionary dynamics of TEs should provide important insights into the interactions between TEs and the fungal genome. Another issue of major significance is the practical applications of TEs in gene tagging and population analysis, which will undoubtedly facilitate research in systematic biology and functional genomics.
在过去十年中，对真菌转座元件（TEs）的特征描述取得了丰硕成果。已发现了所有已描述的真核转座元件，包括pogo家族活跃成员的异常高比例存在。转座元件在突变和基因组组织中的作用已有充分记录，这使我们对这些生物体遗传变化背后机制的认识有了重大进展。与转座和重组相关的转座元件介导的变化提供了广泛的遗传变异，这对自然种群适应环境限制很有用，特别是对于那些缺乏有性阶段的种群。有趣的是，一些真菌物种已经进化出独特的沉默机制，这些机制被视为宿主对抗转座元件的防御系统。研究作用于转座元件进化动态的力量应该能为转座元件与真菌基因组之间的相互作用提供重要见解。另一个具有重大意义的问题是转座元件在基因标签和种群分析中的实际应用，这无疑将促进系统生物学和功能基因组学的研究。
