Yu Shan-fa, Yao San-qiao, Ding Hui, Ma Liang-qing, Yang Yan, Wang Zhi-hui
Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2006 Mar;24(3):129-33.
To explore the relationship between the depression symptoms and occupational stress in occupational populations.
Depression symptoms were measured by using the center for epidemiological survey-depression scale. The occupational stress instrument were employed to investigate the stressors, personalities, social support, and coping strategies as well as the subject's age, length of service, sex, educational level and marriage status. Chi(2) test was used for analyzing the difference of depression. The multiple covariance analysis was used for testing the difference of stressors, personalities, social support, and coping strategies among the groups with different scores of depression. The variables obtained in the optional prediction equation were identified by multiple stepwise regression analysis.
The incidence rate of definite depression symptoms was 40.2%. The total average score was 21.74 +/- 8.99. Henan province had the highest incidence rate of depression symptoms, 43.8%, Hebei 39.4%, and Beijing the lowest, 23.4%. The male workers had the higher incidence rate of depression symptoms, 43. 0% than female, 35.4% (P < 0.01). The older group had the lower incidence rates of depression symptoms, compared with the younger group (P < 0.01). The workers divorced or with the bereft spouse had the higher incidence rate of depression symptoms than the workers married and unmarried (P < 0.05). The workers with middle school education had the higher incidence rates of depression symptoms than those with master degree. Incidence rates in the most occupational groups were more than 30%. The significant difference was shown between the different jobs (P < 0.01). The difference of the adjusted means among three groups of different depression score were analyzed. The results showed the workers with definite depression symptoms had the higher scores than the other two groups in physical factors, role ambiguity, role conflict, job monotony, mental load, responsibility for persons, job future ambiguity, job hazards, type A behavior and work locus of control, and social support (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The former had the lower scores than the other two groups in the scores of promotion, participation, autonomy, task identity, feedback, friendship opportunity, speed control, training adequacy, challenge, self-esteem, organizational commitment, and coping strategies. Fifteen variables entered the predictive equation of depression score explaining 33.1% of variance.
There are serious mental health problems in the occupational population in our country. Stressors and personalities affect the mental health.
探讨职业人群中抑郁症状与职业压力之间的关系。
采用流调中心抑郁量表测量抑郁症状。使用职业压力调查问卷对压力源、性格、社会支持、应对策略以及研究对象的年龄、工龄、性别、文化程度和婚姻状况进行调查。采用卡方检验分析抑郁情况的差异。运用多元协方差分析检验不同抑郁得分组在压力源、性格、社会支持和应对策略方面的差异。通过多元逐步回归分析确定可选预测方程中获得的变量。
明确抑郁症状的发生率为40.2%。总平均分是21.74±8.99。河南省抑郁症状发生率最高，为43.8%，河北省为39.4%，北京最低，为23.4%。男性工人抑郁症状发生率较高，为43.0%，高于女性的35.4%（P<0.01）。年龄较大组抑郁症状发生率低于较年轻组（P<0.01）。离婚或丧偶的工人抑郁症状发生率高于已婚和未婚工人（P<0.05）。初中学历的工人抑郁症状发生率高于硕士学历者。大多数职业群体的发生率超过30%。不同工作之间存在显著差异（P<0.01）。分析了不同抑郁得分的三组之间调整均值的差异。结果显示，有明确抑郁症状的工人在身体因素、角色模糊、角色冲突、工作单调、心理负荷、对人的责任、工作前景模糊、工作危害、A型行为和工作控制点以及社会支持方面的得分高于其他两组（P<0.05，P<0.01）。前者在晋升、参与、自主性、任务完整性、反馈、友谊机会、速度控制、培训充分性、挑战、自尊、组织承诺和应对策略得分方面低于其他两组。15个变量进入抑郁得分预测方程，解释了33.1%的方差。
我国职业人群存在严重的心理健康问题。压力源和性格影响心理健康。
