Clarke David D, Ward Patrick, Bartle Craig, Truman Wendy
School of Psychology, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Accid Anal Prev. 2006 Sep;38(5):871-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2006.02.013. Epub 2006 Apr 5.
Young drivers, especially males, have relatively more accidents than other drivers. Young driver accidents also have somewhat different characteristics to those of other drivers; they include single vehicle accidents involving loss of control; excess speed for conditions; accidents during darkness; accidents on single carriageway rural roads; and accidents while making cross-flow turns (i.e. turning right in the UK, equivalent to a left turn in the US and continental Europe). A sample of over 3000 accident cases was considered from midland British police forces, involving drivers aged 17-25 years, and covering a two year period. Four types of accident were analysed: right-turns; rear-end shunts; loss of control on curves; and accidents in darkness. Loss of control on curves and accidents in darkness were found to be a particular problem for younger drivers. It was found that cross-flow turn accidents showed the quickest improvement with increasing driver experience, whereas accidents occurring in darkness with no street lighting showed the slowest rate of improvement. 'Time of day' analyses suggested that the problems of accidents in darkness are not a matter of visibility, but a consequence of the way young drivers use the roads at night. There appears to be a large number of accidents associated with voluntary risk-taking behaviours of young drivers in 'recreational' driving.
年轻驾驶员，尤其是男性，比其他驾驶员发生事故的比例相对更高。年轻驾驶员的事故与其他驾驶员的事故也有一些不同的特点；这些事故包括涉及失控的单车事故；在特定路况下超速行驶；夜间事故；单车道乡村道路上的事故；以及在进行交叉转弯时发生的事故（即在英国右转，在美国和欧洲大陆相当于左转）。从英国中部警方收集了一个超过3000起事故案例的样本，涉及年龄在17至25岁之间的驾驶员，涵盖两年时间。分析了四种类型的事故：右转事故；追尾事故；弯道失控事故；以及夜间事故。发现弯道失控事故和夜间事故对年轻驾驶员来说是特别突出的问题。研究发现，交叉转弯事故随着驾驶员经验的增加改善最快，而在没有路灯照明的黑暗中发生的事故改善最慢。“一天中的时间”分析表明，夜间事故问题并非能见度问题，而是年轻驾驶员夜间使用道路方式的结果。在“娱乐性”驾驶中，似乎有大量事故与年轻驾驶员的自愿冒险行为有关。
