Phillips Catherine, Lopez-Miranda Jose, Perez-Jimenez Francisco, McManus Ross, Roche Helen M
Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
Curr Opin Cardiol. 2006 May;21(3):185-93. doi: 10.1097/01.hco.0000221579.25878.11.
The metabolic syndrome is a very common condition that is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The diverse clinical characteristics illustrate the complexity of the disease, involving several dysregulated metabolic pathways and multiple genetic targets. The increasing prevalence of obesity heightens the requirement to reduce the risk of the metabolic syndrome. In order to understand the aetiology, it is critical to appreciate the nature of multiple gene-gene and gene-nutrient interactions relevant to the metabolic syndrome.
Research indicates a major role for genetic susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome. Nutrition clearly plays an important role in the development and progression of the condition. Genetic background can interact with habitual dietary fat composition, thereby affecting predisposition to the metabolic syndrome, and may also determine an individual's responsiveness to altered dietary fat intake. These studies indicate that therapeutic dietary therapy may require a 'personalized nutrition' approach, wherein a particular genetic profile may determine responsiveness of patients to specific dietary fatty acid interventions.
Understanding the biological impact of gene-nutrient interactions will provide a key insight into the pathogenesis and progression of diet-related polygenic disorders. This review explores the hypothesis that genetic components of the metabolic syndrome may be modified by dietary fatty acid composition.
代谢综合征是一种非常常见的病症，与2型糖尿病和心血管疾病风险增加相关。其多样的临床特征说明了该疾病的复杂性，涉及多种失调的代谢途径和多个基因靶点。肥胖患病率的上升增加了降低代谢综合征风险的需求。为了理解其病因，认识与代谢综合征相关的多种基因-基因和基因-营养相互作用的本质至关重要。
研究表明遗传易感性在代谢综合征中起主要作用。营养在该病症的发生和发展中显然起着重要作用。遗传背景可与习惯性饮食脂肪组成相互作用，从而影响患代谢综合征的易感性，还可能决定个体对饮食脂肪摄入量改变的反应。这些研究表明，治疗性饮食疗法可能需要一种“个性化营养”方法，其中特定的基因特征可能决定患者对特定饮食脂肪酸干预的反应。
了解基因-营养相互作用的生物学影响将为饮食相关多基因疾病的发病机制和进展提供关键见解。本综述探讨了代谢综合征的遗传成分可能会被饮食脂肪酸组成改变的假说。
