艾滋病相关耻辱感对艾滋病毒阳性男性和女性健康行为及心理调适的影响。
Impact of HIV-related stigma on health behaviors and psychological adjustment among HIV-positive men and women.
作者信息
Vanable Peter A, Carey Michael P, Blair Donald C, Littlewood Rae A
机构信息
Department of Psychology and Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-2340, USA.
出版信息
AIDS Behav. 2006 Sep;10(5):473-82. doi: 10.1007/s10461-006-9099-1.
HIV-related stigmatization remains a potent stressor for HIV-positive people. This study examined the relationships among stigma-related experiences and depression, medication adherence, serostatus disclosure, and sexual risk among 221 HIV-positive men and women. In bivariate analyses that controlled for background characteristics, stigma was associated with depressive symptoms, receiving recent psychiatric care, and greater HIV-related symptoms. Stigma was also associated with poorer adherence and more frequent serostatus disclosure to people other than sexual partners, but showed no association to sexual risk behavior. In a multivariate analysis that controlled for all correlates, depression, poor adherence, and serostatus disclosure remained as independent correlates of stigma-related experiences. Findings confirm that stigma is associated with psychological adjustment and adherence difficulties and is experienced more commonly among people who disclose their HIV status to a broad range of social contacts. Stigma should be addressed in stress management, health promotion, and medication adherence interventions for HIV-positive people.
与艾滋病毒相关的污名化仍然是艾滋病毒呈阳性者面临的一个强大压力源。本研究调查了221名艾滋病毒呈阳性的男性和女性中,与污名相关的经历与抑郁、药物依从性、血清学状态披露以及性风险之间的关系。在控制了背景特征的双变量分析中,污名与抑郁症状、近期接受精神科护理以及更多与艾滋病毒相关的症状有关。污名还与较差的依从性以及向性伴侣以外的其他人更频繁地披露血清学状态有关,但与性风险行为无关。在控制了所有相关因素的多变量分析中,抑郁、依从性差和血清学状态披露仍然是与污名相关经历的独立相关因素。研究结果证实,污名与心理调适和依从性困难有关,并且在向广泛社会联系人披露其艾滋病毒感染状况的人群中更为常见。在针对艾滋病毒呈阳性者的压力管理、健康促进和药物依从性干预措施中,应解决污名问题。