Nakadaira Hiroto, Yamamoto Masaharu, Matsubara Toh
Division of Social and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.
J Occup Health. 2006 Mar;48(2):113-23. doi: 10.1539/joh.48.113.
This paper investigates the effects of tanshin funin, a posting without family, on the health of married male workers. A prospective study using the pair-matched method was performed. One hundred and twenty-nine married male tanshin funin workers in their 40s and 50s and as many matched workers living with their family (regular workers) participated. Fewer tanshin funin workers took breakfast everyday (OR=3.3, p<0.001). Tanshin funin workers more frequently suffered from stress due to daily chores (OR=3.6, p<0.001) and from stress-related health problems, namely headache (OR=4.7, p=0.013) and gastric/duodenal ulcers (OR=8.7, p<0.001). They also developed more frequently common cold/bronchitis (OR=14.5, p<0.001). The levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase for workers reluctant to work under tanshin funin and workers who spent less than two years in tanshin funin increased significantly from the fiscal year 1997 to year 2001 (46.7 to 67.5 IU/l, p<0.001, and 36.9 to 72.4 IU/l, p=0.005, respectively), although those of their matched regular workers did not show significant changes. The daily alcohol intake of reluctant tanshin funin workers (the equivalent of approximately 817 ml of beer) was higher than that of the matched regular workers (582 ml, p=0.026). In summary, abrupt changes in lifestyle and elevated mental stress were thus important effects of tanshin funin. Tanshin funin workers should be provided with health and lifestyle education programs and mental health care before and during tanshin funin. Doctors and nurses in the healthcare departments of companies should play a leading role.
本文调查了单身赴任（即离开家人独自赴外地工作）对已婚男性员工健康的影响。采用配对法进行了一项前瞻性研究。129名40多岁和50多岁的已婚单身赴任男性员工以及同样数量的与家人同住的配对员工（正式员工）参与了研究。单身赴任员工每天吃早餐的人数较少（比值比=3.3，p<0.001）。单身赴任员工因日常琐事承受压力的频率更高（比值比=3.6，p<0.001），并且更容易出现与压力相关的健康问题，即头痛（比值比=4.7，p=0.013）和胃/十二指肠溃疡（比值比=8.7，p<0.001）。他们患普通感冒/支气管炎的频率也更高（比值比=14.5，p<0.001）。从1997财年到2001年，不愿在单身赴任状态下工作的员工以及单身赴任时间少于两年的员工的γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平显著升高（分别从46.7升至67.5 IU/l，p<0.001，以及从36.9升至72.4 IU/l，p=0.005），而他们配对的正式员工的γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平没有显著变化。不愿单身赴任的员工每日酒精摄入量（约相当于817毫升啤酒）高于配对的正式员工（582毫升，p=0.026）。总之，生活方式的突然改变和精神压力的增加是单身赴任的重要影响。在单身赴任之前和期间，应为单身赴任员工提供健康和生活方式教育项目以及心理保健。公司医疗部门的医生和护士应发挥主导作用。
