Eriksen Willy
Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2006 Apr 13;6:97. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-97.
Knowledge of how work demands vary between different practice areas could give us a better understanding of the factors that influence the working conditions in the health services, and could help identify specific work-related challenges and problems in the different practice areas. In turn, this may help politicians, and healthcare administrators and managers to develop healthy work units. The aim of this study was to find out how nurses' aides' perception of demands and control at work vary with the practice area in which the aides are working.
In 1999, 12,000 nurses' aides were drawn randomly from the member list of the Norwegian Union of Health--and Social Workers, and were mailed a questionnaire. 7478 (62.3 %) filled in the questionnaire. The sample of the present study comprised the 6485 nurses' aides who were not on leave. Respondents working in one practice area were compared with respondents not working in this area (all together). Because of multiple comparisons, 0.01 was chosen as statistical significance level.
Total quantitative work demands were highest in somatic hospital departments, nursing homes, and community nurse units. Physical demands were highest in somatic hospital departments and nursing homes. Level of positive challenges was highest in hospital departments and community nurses units, and lowest in nursing homes and homes or apartment units for the aged. Exposure to role conflicts was most frequent in nursing homes, homes or apartment units for the aged, and community nurse units. Exposure to threats and violence was most frequent in psychiatric departments, nursing homes, and institutions for mentally handicapped. Control of work pace was highest in psychiatric departments and institutions for mentally handicapped, and was lowest in somatic hospital departments and nursing homes. Participation in decisions at work was highest in psychiatric departments and community nurse units, and was lowest in somatic hospital departments and nursing homes.
The demands and control experienced by Norwegian nurses' aides at work vary strongly with the practice area. Preventive workplace interventions should be tailored each area.
了解不同执业领域的工作要求差异，有助于我们更好地理解影响医疗卫生服务工作条件的因素，还能帮助识别不同执业领域中与工作相关的具体挑战和问题。反过来，这可能有助于政治家、医疗保健管理人员和经理打造健康的工作单位。本研究的目的是了解护士助理对工作要求和控制权的认知如何因工作的执业领域而异。
1999年，从挪威卫生与社会工作者联盟的成员名单中随机抽取12000名护士助理，并向其邮寄调查问卷。7478人（62.3%）填写了问卷。本研究的样本包括6485名未休假的护士助理。将在一个执业领域工作的受访者与不在该领域工作的受访者（全部）进行比较。由于进行了多次比较，选择0.01作为统计显著性水平。
躯体医院科室、养老院和社区护士单位的总定量工作要求最高。躯体医院科室和养老院的体力要求最高。积极挑战程度在医院科室和社区护士单位最高，在养老院以及老年人之家或公寓单位最低。角色冲突暴露在养老院、老年人之家或公寓单位以及社区护士单位最为频繁。威胁和暴力暴露在精神科、养老院和智障机构最为频繁。工作节奏控制权在精神科和智障机构最高，在躯体医院科室和养老院最低。工作决策参与度在精神科和社区护士单位最高，在躯体医院科室和养老院最低。
挪威护士助理在工作中所经历的要求和控制权因执业领域而异。预防性的工作场所干预措施应针对每个领域量身定制。
