Driscoll Helen, Zinkivskay Ann, Evans Kelly, Campbell Anne
Durham University, UK.
Br J Psychol. 2006 May;97(Pt 2):139-53. doi: 10.1348/000712605X63073.
Women are more likely than men to experience acts of aggression as expressive (a loss of self-control) than as instrumental (control over others). We propose that this might arise from differences in behavioural restraint. If women have better inhibitory control, aggressive behaviour should occur less frequently yet should be experienced as more emotionally 'out of control' because women can tolerate higher levels of anger before inhibitory control is breached. Participants (N = 606) aged 13-24 completed the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) and Expagg. A more expressive view of aggression was associated with higher levels of STAXI anger control and higher levels of MPQ constraint. However, it was the harm avoidance component of constraint, rather than control versus impulsivity, that was the stronger predictor. While behavioural inhibition is built on an infrastructure of fear, the latter may be more important in explaining gender differences in social representations of aggression.
与男性相比，女性更有可能将攻击行为体验为表达性的（失去自我控制），而非工具性的（对他人的控制）。我们认为，这可能源于行为抑制方面的差异。如果女性具有更好的抑制控制能力，攻击行为应该会更少发生，但由于女性在抑制控制被突破之前能够容忍更高水平的愤怒，所以她们应该会在情绪上感觉更“失控”。年龄在13至24岁之间的参与者（N = 606）完成了多维人格问卷（MPQ）、状态-特质愤怒表达量表-2（STAXI-2）和Expagg。对攻击行为更具表达性的看法与更高水平的STAXI愤怒控制和更高水平的MPQ约束相关。然而，约束的避免伤害成分，而非控制与冲动性，才是更强的预测因素。虽然行为抑制建立在恐惧的基础之上，但在解释攻击行为的社会表征中的性别差异方面，恐惧可能更为重要。
