Frongillo Edward A, Nanama Siméon
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6301, USA.
J Nutr. 2006 May;136(5):1409S-1419S. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.5.1409S.
Organizations measure household food insecurity for program design, planning, targeting, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation, but existing measures often are inadequate. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to develop and validate an experienced-based measure of the access component of food insecurity in northern Burkina Faso. In-depth interviews on food insecurity were done with 10 household heads and 26 women using interview guides. We identified themes, classified households, created a table of food insecurity categories, identified items to add to or delete from an initial questionnaire, and developed and revised answer choices. A longitudinal study provided quantitative data on changes over time in household food insecurity, economic situation, and related factors. Data were collected on 126 simple and complex households from 9 villages each July and January from 2001 to 2003 (5 waves). These data allowed examination of changes in household food insecurity twice annually across the best and worst seasons for food, and evaluation of the ability of the experience-based measure to differentiate changes in household food insecurity. Validity was assessed by examining reliability and by comparing the experienced-based food insecurity measure with economic status, dietary, and anthropometric measures and with a measure created by an observer who rated the households' food insecurity. The results provide strong evidence that the food insecurity score, calculated from experience-based questionnaire items, was valid for determining seasonal differences in household food insecurity, differences among households in food insecurity at a given time, and changes in household food insecurity over time in northern rural Burkina Faso.
各组织为了项目设计、规划、目标设定、实施、监测和评估而衡量家庭粮食不安全状况，但现有的衡量方法往往并不充分。研究采用定性和定量方法，开发并验证了一种基于经验的布基纳法索北部粮食不安全状况获取部分的衡量方法。使用访谈提纲对10名户主和26名女性进行了关于粮食不安全状况的深入访谈。我们确定了主题，对家庭进行了分类，创建了粮食不安全状况类别表，确定了要在初始问卷中添加或删除的项目，并制定和修订了答案选项。一项纵向研究提供了关于家庭粮食不安全状况、经济状况及相关因素随时间变化的定量数据。在2001年至2003年期间，每年7月和1月从9个村庄的126个简单和复杂家庭收集数据（共5轮）。这些数据使得能够每年两次在粮食状况最佳和最差季节对家庭粮食不安全状况的变化进行考察，并评估基于经验的衡量方法区分家庭粮食不安全状况变化的能力。通过检验可靠性以及将基于经验的粮食不安全衡量方法与经济状况、饮食和人体测量指标以及由一名对家庭粮食不安全状况进行评分的观察员创建的指标进行比较来评估有效性。结果提供了有力证据，表明根据基于经验的问卷项目计算得出的粮食不安全得分，对于确定布基纳法索北部农村家庭粮食不安全状况的季节性差异、特定时间家庭之间粮食不安全状况的差异以及家庭粮食不安全状况随时间的变化是有效的。
