Bouton Mark E, Westbrook R Frederick, Corcoran Kevin A, Maren Stephen
Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0134, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Aug 15;60(4):352-60. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.015. Epub 2006 Apr 17.
Extinction depends, at least partly, on new learning that is specific to the context in which it is learned. Several behavioral phenomena (renewal, reinstatement, spontaneous recovery, and rapid reacquisition) suggest the importance of context in extinction. The present article reviews research on the behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of contextual influences on extinction learning and retrieval. Contexts appear to select or retrieve the current relationship of the conditional stimulus (CS) with the unconditional stimulus (US), and they are provided by physical background cues, interoceptive drug cues, emotions, recent trials, and the passage of time. The current article pays particular attention to the effects of recent trials and trial spacing. Control of fear extinction by physical context involves interactions between the dorsal hippocampus and the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. This interaction may be mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic and adrenergic mechanisms.
消退至少部分取决于在学习消退时特定情境下的新学习。几种行为现象（恢复、复现、自发恢复和快速重新习得）表明情境在消退中的重要性。本文综述了关于情境对消退学习和提取影响的行为及神经生物学机制的研究。情境似乎会选择或提取条件刺激（CS）与无条件刺激（US）之间的当前关系，并且它们由物理背景线索、内感受性药物线索、情绪、近期试验以及时间推移提供。本文特别关注近期试验和试验间隔的影响。物理情境对恐惧消退的控制涉及背侧海马体与杏仁核外侧核之间的相互作用。这种相互作用可能由γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）能和肾上腺素能机制介导。
