Marjanovic Zdravko, Greenglass Esther R, Coffey Sue
Department of Psychology, York University, Behavioural Sciences Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2007 Aug;44(6):991-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.02.012. Epub 2006 Apr 17.
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between psychosocial variables and working conditions, and nurses' coping methods and distress in response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis in Canada. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE: The sample consisted of 333 nurses (315 women, 18 men) who completed an Internet-mediated questionnaire that was posted on the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) website between March and May 2004. The questionnaire was restricted to respondents who had to authenticate their RNAO membership with a valid username and password before accessing the questionnaire. This served a dual purpose: to ensure that only RNAO nurses completed the questionnaire and thereby safeguarding the generalizability of the findings; and second, to prevent any one nurse from contributing more than once to the overall sample.
Correlational analysis yielded several significant relationships between psychosocial variables and working conditions, and the traditional correlates of burnout and stress. Three multiple regression analysis revealed that the model we evolved--including higher levels of vigor, organizational support, and trust in equipment/infection control initiative; and lower levels of contact with SARS patients, and time spent in quarantine--predicted to lower levels of avoidance behavior, emotional exhaustion, and state anger.
By employing models of stress and burnout that combine psychosocial variables and working conditions, researchers can account for significant amounts of variance in outcomes related to burnout. These findings highlight the importance of vigor and perceived organizational support in predicting nurses' symptoms of burnout. For healthcare administrators, this means that a likely strategy for assuaging the negative outcomes of stress should address nurses' psychosocial concerns and the working conditions that they face during novel times of crisis.
本调查旨在研究心理社会变量与工作条件之间的关系，以及加拿大护士在应对严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）危机时的应对方法和困扰。
样本包括333名护士（315名女性，18名男性），他们完成了一份通过互联网发放的问卷，该问卷于2004年3月至5月发布在安大略省注册护士协会（RNAO）的网站上。问卷仅限那些在访问问卷前必须使用有效用户名和密码验证其RNAO会员身份的受访者填写。这样做有双重目的：一是确保只有RNAO护士完成问卷，从而保障研究结果的普遍性；二是防止任何一名护士在总体样本中多次作答。
相关分析得出心理社会变量与工作条件之间存在若干显著关系，以及倦怠和压力的传统相关因素。三项多元回归分析表明，我们构建的模型——包括更高水平的活力、组织支持以及对设备/感染控制措施的信任；更低水平的与SARS患者接触以及隔离时间——预测会有更低水平的回避行为、情感耗竭和状态愤怒。
通过采用结合心理社会变量和工作条件的压力与倦怠模型，研究人员可以解释与倦怠相关结果中的大量变异。这些发现凸显了活力和感知到的组织支持在预测护士倦怠症状方面的重要性。对于医疗保健管理人员而言，这意味着缓解压力负面结果的一个可能策略应解决护士的心理社会问题以及他们在新型危机时期所面临的工作条件。
