Hernández Antonio F, Amparo Gómez M, Pérez Vidal, García-Lario Jose V, Pena Gloria, Gil Fernando, López Olga, Rodrigo Lourdes, Pino Guadalupe, Pla Antonio
Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain.
Environ Res. 2006 Sep;102(1):70-6. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.03.002. Epub 2006 Apr 18.
Although the effects of acute pesticide poisoning are well known for the pesticides most currently used, hardly any data exist on health effects after long-term low-dose exposures. Major unresolved issues include the effect of moderate exposure in the absence of poisoning. The increased utilization of pesticides other than organophosphates makes it even more difficult to find associations. In this study a cohort of 106 intensive agriculture workers were assessed twice during the course of a spraying season for changes in serum biochemistry, namely enzymes reflecting cytotoxicity (AST, ALT, LDH, CK, and amino-oxidase) and other biochemical parameters, such as markers of nephrotoxicity (urea, creatinine) and lipid profile (cholesterol and triglycerides). Several criteria for estimating pesticide exposure were used, the most important one being serum cholinesterase depression greater than 25% from baseline to peak exposure. Our results revealed an association of pesticide exposure with changes in AST (increased activity), LDH, and amino-oxidase (decreased activity) as well as with changes in serum creatinine and phosphorus (lower and higher levels, respectively). These results provide support for a very slight impairment of the liver function, but overall these findings are consistent with no clinically significant hepatotoxicity. Intriguingly, paraoxonase-1 R allele was found to be an independent predictor of higher rates of AST and lower rates of amino-oxidase, so that it may play a supporting role as an individual marker of susceptibility on pesticide-induced health effects. In conclusion, different biomarkers might be used to detect early biochemical effects of pesticides before adverse clinical health effects occur.
虽然目前使用的大多数农药的急性中毒效应广为人知，但关于长期低剂量接触后的健康影响的数据却几乎没有。主要未解决的问题包括在未中毒情况下中度接触的影响。有机磷以外的农药使用增加，使得寻找关联变得更加困难。在本研究中，对106名集约农业工人在喷洒季节期间进行了两次评估，以检测血清生化指标的变化，即反映细胞毒性的酶（谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶和氨基氧化酶）以及其他生化参数，如肾毒性标志物（尿素、肌酐）和血脂谱（胆固醇和甘油三酯）。使用了几种评估农药接触的标准，其中最重要的是血清胆碱酯酶从基线到接触峰值降低超过25%。我们的结果显示，农药接触与谷草转氨酶（活性增加）、乳酸脱氢酶和氨基氧化酶（活性降低）的变化以及血清肌酐和磷的变化（分别为较低和较高水平）有关。这些结果支持肝功能有非常轻微的损害，但总体而言，这些发现与无临床显著肝毒性一致。有趣的是，对氧磷酶-1 R等位基因被发现是谷草转氨酶较高率和氨基氧化酶较低率的独立预测因子，因此它可能作为农药诱导健康效应易感性的个体标志物发挥辅助作用。总之，在临床健康出现不良影响之前，可使用不同的生物标志物来检测农药的早期生化效应。
