Schoonhoven Lisette, Bousema Mente T, Buskens Erik
Centre for Quality of Care Research, Department of Nursing Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2007 Aug;44(6):927-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.02.011. Epub 2006 Apr 18.
Pressure ulcers frequently occur in hospitalised patients. The prevalence of pressure ulcers grade 2 or worse varies from 3% to 12% in hospitalised patients. Incidence figures are not frequently reported. While incidence and prevalence are both measures of disease frequency, they provide different perspectives on pressure ulcers.
To describe the incidence rate and prevalence of pressure ulcers in hospitalised patients.
Prospective inception cohort study.
Two large hospitals, one general (530-beds) and one teaching (1042-beds), in The Netherlands.
A non-selected, though not strictly random, sample of 1536 patients was eligible for inclusion in the study. One thousand four hundred and thirty one patients (93.2%) consented to participate. Eventually, 1229 patients (80%) had a complete follow-up. The sample consisted of patients admitted to the surgical, internal, neurological and geriatric wards for more than 5 days between January 1999 and June 2000.
Follow-up once a week until pressure ulcer occurrence, discharge or length of stay over 12 weeks.
Occurrence of a pressure ulcer grade 2 or worse during admission to hospital, according to the classification of the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel.
One hundred and thirty four patients developed 172 pressure ulcers during follow-up. The overall weekly incidence rate was 0.06 per week (95% confidence interval 0.05-0.07 per week). Highest rates were observed for surgical patients and lowest for geriatric and neurologic patients (0.08 and 0.02, respectively). The week specific prevalence varied between 12.8% and 20.3%.
Among patients hospitalised for more than 5 days overall one may expect 6% per week to develop pressure ulcers. It would appear that any preventive measures can only be effective if taken timely. Accordingly, preventive measures should be considered early, because pressure ulcers were observed already within the first week of admission.
压疮在住院患者中经常发生。住院患者中2级及以上压疮的患病率在3%至12%之间。发病率数据并不经常被报道。虽然发病率和患病率都是疾病频率的度量指标，但它们对压疮提供了不同的视角。
描述住院患者压疮的发病率和患病率。
前瞻性起始队列研究。
荷兰的两家大型医院，一家综合医院（530张床位）和一家教学医院（1042张床位）。
一个非严格随机选择的1536例患者样本符合纳入研究的条件。1431例患者（93.2%）同意参与。最终，1229例患者（80%）得到了完整的随访。样本包括1999年1月至2000年6月期间入住外科、内科、神经科和老年病房超过5天的患者。
每周随访一次，直至发生压疮、出院或住院时间超过12周。
根据欧洲压疮咨询小组的分类，住院期间发生2级及以上压疮。
134例患者在随访期间发生了172处压疮。总体每周发病率为0.06/周（95%置信区间为0.05 - 0.07/周）。外科患者的发病率最高，老年和神经科患者最低（分别为0.08和0.02）。各周的患病率在12.8%至20.3%之间。
在总体住院超过5天的患者中，预计每周有6%的患者会发生压疮。似乎任何预防措施只有及时采取才会有效。因此，应尽早考虑预防措施，因为在入院第一周内就观察到了压疮。
