Ness-Abramof Rosane, Apovian Caroline M
Endocrine Unit, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.
Endocrine. 2006 Feb;29(1):5-9. doi: 10.1385/endo:29:1:5.
The obesity epidemic is best explained by global lifestyle alterations favoring weight gain in a susceptible population. The consumption of calorically dense foods, increased portion sizes, and a decrease in workplace and leisure physical activity most likely accounts for the increase in overweight and obesity worldwide. The cornerstone of overweight and obesity therapy is dietary intervention, but unfortunately most patients eventually regain the weight lost through diet alone. The search for a macronutrient composition that may enhance and help maintain weight loss has brought an abundance of fad diets into the lay literature. According to the available data, weight loss and maintenance of weight loss are dictated by total caloric intake, and not by macronutrient composition. There is epidemiologic data linking sugar-sweetened beverages to adult and childhood obesity, and an inverse relationship between dairy intake and overweight and obesity has also been observed. More research is needed to elucidate mechanisms explaining these relationships. Further research should focus on permanent lifestyle changes that may reverse this growing epidemic. This review will focus on current practices for the dietary management of obesity and to promote weight maintenance.
肥胖流行最好的解释是全球生活方式的改变有利于易感人群体重增加。高热量食物的消费、份量增加以及工作场所和休闲活动中身体活动的减少很可能是全球超重和肥胖增加的原因。超重和肥胖治疗的基石是饮食干预，但不幸的是，大多数患者最终会重新恢复仅通过节食减掉的体重。寻找一种可能增强并有助于维持体重减轻的宏量营养素组成，使得大量时尚饮食出现在通俗文献中。根据现有数据，体重减轻和体重减轻的维持取决于总热量摄入，而非宏量营养素组成。有流行病学数据将含糖饮料与成人和儿童肥胖联系起来，并且也观察到乳制品摄入量与超重和肥胖之间存在负相关关系。需要更多研究来阐明解释这些关系的机制。进一步的研究应侧重于可能扭转这一日益严重的流行趋势的永久性生活方式改变。本综述将侧重于肥胖饮食管理的当前做法以及促进体重维持。
