Jun Sung-Hoon, Kim Tae Gyun, Ban Changill
Department of Chemistry and Division of Molecular & Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea.
FEBS J. 2006 Apr;273(8):1609-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05190.x.
The molecular mechanisms of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system have been uncovered over the last decade, especially in prokaryotes. The results obtained for prokaryotic MMR proteins have provided a framework for the study of the MMR system in eukaryotic organisms, such as yeast, mouse and human, because the functions of MMR proteins have been conserved during evolution from bacteria to humans. However, mutations in eukaryotic MMR genes result in pleiotropic phenotypes in addition to MMR defects, suggesting that eukaryotic MMR proteins have evolved to gain more diverse and specific roles in multicellular organisms. Here, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic MMR systems and describe various new functions of MMR proteins that have been intensively researched during the last few years, including DNA damage surveillance and diversification of antibodies.
在过去十年中，DNA错配修复（MMR）系统的分子机制已被揭示，尤其是在原核生物中。原核生物MMR蛋白的研究结果为研究真核生物（如酵母、小鼠和人类）的MMR系统提供了框架，因为MMR蛋白的功能在从细菌到人类的进化过程中得以保留。然而，真核生物MMR基因突变除了导致MMR缺陷外，还会产生多效性表型，这表明真核生物MMR蛋白已进化到在多细胞生物中发挥更多样化和特定的作用。在这里，我们总结了对原核生物和真核生物MMR系统理解的最新进展，并描述了过去几年中深入研究的MMR蛋白的各种新功能，包括DNA损伤监测和抗体多样化。
