Boldogh Istvan R, Pon Liza A
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 12-425, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 May-Jun;1763(5-6):450-62. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.02.014. Epub 2006 Mar 29.
Interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton are essential for normal mitochondrial morphology, motility and distribution. While microtubules and their motors have been established as important factors for mitochondrial transport, emerging evidence indicates that mitochondria interact with the actin cytoskeleton in many cell types. In certain fungi, such as the budding yeast and Aspergillus, or in plant cells mitochondrial motility is largely actin-based. Even in systems such as neurons, where microtubules are the primary means of long-distance mitochondrial transport, the actin cytoskeleton is required for short-distance mitochondrial movements and for immobilization of the organelle at the cell cortex. The actin cytoskeleton is also involved in the immobilization of mitochondria at the cortex in cultured tobacco cells and in budding yeast. While the exact nature of these immobilizations is not known, they may be important for retaining mitochondria at sites of high ATP utilization or at other cellular locations where they are needed. Recent findings also indicate that mutations in actin or actin-binding proteins can influence mitochondrial pathways leading to cell death. Thus, mitochondria-actin interactions contribute to apoptosis.
线粒体与细胞骨架之间的相互作用对于正常的线粒体形态、运动性和分布至关重要。虽然微管及其马达蛋白已被确认为线粒体运输的重要因素，但新出现的证据表明，在许多细胞类型中，线粒体与肌动蛋白细胞骨架相互作用。在某些真菌中，如芽殖酵母和曲霉，或者在植物细胞中，线粒体的运动很大程度上基于肌动蛋白。即使在神经元等系统中，微管是线粒体长距离运输的主要方式，但短距离的线粒体运动以及细胞器在细胞皮质的固定也需要肌动蛋白细胞骨架。肌动蛋白细胞骨架还参与了培养的烟草细胞和芽殖酵母中线粒体在皮质的固定。虽然这些固定的确切性质尚不清楚，但它们可能对于将线粒体保留在高ATP利用位点或其他需要它们的细胞位置很重要。最近的研究结果还表明，肌动蛋白或肌动蛋白结合蛋白的突变会影响导致细胞死亡的线粒体途径。因此，线粒体-肌动蛋白相互作用有助于细胞凋亡。
