Green Edward C, Witte Kim
Harvard School of Public Health, Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
J Health Commun. 2006 Apr-May;11(3):245-59. doi: 10.1080/10810730600613807.
Most American health professionals who work in HIV/AIDS do not support the use of fear arousal in AIDS preventive education, believing it to be counterproductive. Meanwhile, many Africans, whether laypersons, health professionals, or politicians, seem to believe there is a legitimate role for fear arousal in changing sexual behavior. This African view is the one more supported by the empirical evidence, which suggests that the use of fear arousal in public health campaigns often works in promoting behavior change, when combined with self-efficacy. The authors provide overviews of the prevailing American expert view, African national views, and the most recent findings on the use of fear arousal in behavior change campaigns. Their analysis suggests that American, post-sexual-revolution values and beliefs may underlie rejection of fear arousal strategies, whereas a pragmatic realism based on personal experience underlies Africans' acceptance of and use of the same strategies in AIDS prevention campaigns.
大多数从事艾滋病毒/艾滋病工作的美国卫生专业人员不支持在艾滋病预防教育中使用激发恐惧的方法，认为这会适得其反。与此同时，许多非洲人，无论是普通民众、卫生专业人员还是政治家，似乎都认为激发恐惧在改变性行为方面能发挥合理作用。非洲人的这种观点得到了更多实证证据的支持，这些证据表明，在公共卫生运动中使用激发恐惧的方法，若与自我效能感相结合，往往有助于促进行为改变。作者概述了美国专家的主流观点、非洲各国的观点以及在行为改变运动中使用激发恐惧方法的最新研究结果。他们的分析表明，美国性革命后的价值观和信仰可能是拒绝激发恐惧策略的根源，而基于个人经历的务实现实主义则是非洲人在艾滋病预防运动中接受和使用这些策略的基础。
