DuBois James M
Center for Health Care Ethics, Saint Louis University, Salus Center, 221 N. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63103-2006, USA.
Ethics Behav. 2004;14(4):383-95. doi: 10.1207/s15327019eb1404_8.
Evidence exists that behavioral and social science researchers have been frustrated with regulations and institutional review boards (IRBs) from the 1970s through today. Making matters worse, many human participants protection instruction programs--now mandated by IRBs--offer inadequate reasons why researchers should comply with regulations and IRBs. Promoting compliance either for its own sake or to avoid penalties is contrary to the developmental aims of moral education and may be ineffective in fostering the responsible conduct of research. This article explores the concept of professional virtue and argues that compliance is capable of becoming a professional virtue like scientific honesty. This requires, however, that regulatory and IRB demands contribute to human well-being and to the aims of research as a profession and that researchers, therefore, internalize the norms that underlie regulatory and IRB demands. This, in turn, requires a series of changes in the way society develops, promulgates, and enforces regulatory and IRB rules. The challenge is, simply put, to embed compliance into the world of living morality.
有证据表明，从20世纪70年代至今，行为和社会科学研究人员一直对相关规定和机构审查委员会（IRB）感到沮丧。更糟糕的是，许多现在由IRB强制要求的人类受试者保护指导项目，对于研究人员为何应遵守规定和IRB给出的理由并不充分。仅仅为了遵守规定或避免处罚而促进合规，与道德教育的发展目标背道而驰，并且在促进负责任的研究行为方面可能无效。本文探讨了职业道德的概念，并认为合规能够成为像科学诚信一样的职业道德。然而，这需要监管和IRB的要求有助于人类福祉以及研究作为一门职业的目标，因此研究人员要将监管和IRB要求所依据的规范内化。反过来，这需要社会在制定、颁布和执行监管及IRB规则的方式上进行一系列变革。简单来说，挑战在于将合规融入到现实的道德世界中。
