Tedersoo Leho, Hansen Karen, Perry Brian A, Kjøller Rasmus
Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, 40 Lai Str., 51005 Tartu, Estonia.
New Phytol. 2006;170(3):581-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01678.x.
A growing body of molecular research is discovering a high diversity of pezizalean ectomycorrhiza (EcM), yet most remain unidentified at the genus or species level. This study describes EcM-forming taxa within the Pezizales. EcM-forming Pezizales were revealed by morphotyping and sequencing of EcM root tips from forests in Estonia and Denmark. The taxa on EcM root tips were identified using phylogenetic analyses of large-subunit rDNA sequences derived from sporocarps of 301 pezizalean species, and comparisons with internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequences. Thirty-three species are suggested as EcM symbionts, representing all three major clades of Pezizales, the genera Genea, Geopora, Humaria, Tarzetta, Trichophaea, Wilcoxina, Helvella, Hydnotrya, Tuber, Pachyphloeus, Peziza and Sarcosphaera, and two Pezizaceae anamorphs. EcM of Pezizales species are easily distinguished by their anatomy, particularly thick cell walls and stout hyphae. This study demonstrates that Pezizales species constitute a considerable proportion of the mycobionts in EcM fungal communities in mature boreal deciduous and coniferous forests, in several soil types. Fruit-body sequences and EcM descriptions will facilitate identification of pezizalean EcM in future studies.
越来越多的分子研究发现盘菌目外生菌根（EcM）具有高度多样性，但大多数在属或种的水平上仍未得到鉴定。本研究描述了盘菌目中形成外生菌根的类群。通过对爱沙尼亚和丹麦森林中菌根根尖进行形态分型和测序，揭示了形成外生菌根的盘菌目真菌。利用从301种盘菌目真菌子实体中获得的大亚基rDNA序列进行系统发育分析，并与内部转录间隔区rDNA序列进行比较，确定了菌根根尖上的类群。建议将33个物种作为外生菌根共生体，它们代表了盘菌目的所有三个主要分支，包括Genea属、Geopora属、Humaria属、Tarzetta属、Trichophaea属、Wilcoxina属、皱盖乌芝属、Hydnotrya属、块菌属、厚皮盘菌属（Pachyphloeus）、盘菌属、肉盘菌属（Sarcosphaera），以及两个盘菌科的无性型。盘菌目真菌的外生菌根很容易通过其解剖结构来区分，特别是厚细胞壁和粗壮的菌丝。本研究表明，在几种土壤类型的成熟北方落叶和针叶林中，盘菌目真菌物种在外生菌根真菌群落的菌根共生体中占相当大的比例。子实体序列和外生菌根描述将有助于未来研究中盘菌目外生菌根的鉴定。
