Laitinen Pirkko, Siimes Katri, Eronen Liisa, Rämö Sari, Welling Leena, Oinonen Seija, Mattsoff Leona, Ruohonen-Lehto Marja
MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
Pest Manag Sci. 2006 Jun;62(6):473-91. doi: 10.1002/ps.1186.
The fate of five herbicides (glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium, phenmedipham, ethofumesate and metamitron) was studied in two Finnish sugar beet fields for 26 months. Soil types were sandy loam and clay. Two different herbicide-tolerant sugar beet cultivars and three different herbicide application schedules were used. Meteorological data were collected throughout the study and soil properties were thoroughly analysed. An extensive data set of herbicide residue concentrations in soil was collected. Five different soil depths were sampled. The study was carried out using common Finnish agricultural practices and represents typical sugar beet cultivation conditions in Finland. The overall observed order of persistence was ethofumesate > glyphosate > phenmedipham > metamitron > glufosinate-ammonium. Only ethofumesate and glyphosate persisted until the subsequent spring. Seasonal variation in herbicide dissipation was very high and dissipation ceased almost completely during winter. During the 2 year experiment no indication of potential groundwater pollution risk was obtained, but herbicides may cause surface water pollution.
在芬兰的两块甜菜地里，对五种除草剂（草甘膦、草铵膦、甜菜宁、乙氧呋草黄和苯嗪草酮）的残留情况进行了为期26个月的研究。土壤类型为砂壤土和黏土。使用了两种不同的耐除草剂甜菜品种以及三种不同的除草剂施用方案。在整个研究过程中收集了气象数据，并对土壤性质进行了全面分析。收集了大量土壤中除草剂残留浓度的数据集。对五个不同的土壤深度进行了采样。该研究采用了芬兰常见的农业做法，代表了芬兰典型的甜菜种植条件。观察到的除草剂残留持久性总体顺序为：乙氧呋草黄＞草甘膦＞甜菜宁＞苯嗪草酮＞草铵膦。只有乙氧呋草黄和草甘膦持续到次年春季。除草剂消散的季节性变化非常大，在冬季消散几乎完全停止。在为期两年的实验中，未发现潜在的地下水污染风险迹象，但除草剂可能会造成地表水污染。
