Marques A, Ollevier F, Verstraete W, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
J Appl Microbiol. 2006 May;100(5):903-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02961.x.
The culture of aquatic organisms is still hampered by the occurrence of unpredictable diseases in their early life stages, which are responsible for massive mortalities and considerable economic losses. A better understanding of the host-microbe interactions is certainly essential to develop effective solutions of disease control for the aquaculture industry. As demonstrated in terrestrial animals, the use of gnotobiotic systems (animals cultured in axenic conditions or with a known microflora) can be an excellent tool to extent the understanding of the mechanisms involved in host-microbe interactions and to evaluate new treatments of disease control. Several aquatic animals were cultured so far in germ-free conditions, such as fish, molluscs, crustaceans, rotifers, echinoderms, cnidarians, turbellarians, ascidians and echiurans. The aim of the present review is to recapitulate the findings obtained with gnotobiotic aquatic animals over the last decades, with special emphasis to the host-microbe interactions, as well as the perspectives for future research in this field. In addition, the procedures utilized to culture axenic aquatic animals and to verify contaminations are summarized, and the standardization of these procedures is proposed.
水生生物的养殖仍然受到其幼体阶段不可预测疾病的影响，这些疾病会导致大量死亡和巨大的经济损失。更好地理解宿主与微生物的相互作用对于为水产养殖业开发有效的疾病控制解决方案至关重要。正如在陆生动物中所证明的那样，使用悉生生物系统（在无菌条件下或与已知微生物群落一起养殖的动物）可以成为一个极好的工具，用于扩展对宿主与微生物相互作用机制的理解，并评估疾病控制的新疗法。到目前为止，已经在无菌条件下养殖了几种水生动物，如鱼类、软体动物、甲壳类动物、轮虫、棘皮动物、刺胞动物、涡虫、海鞘和螠虫。本综述的目的是总结过去几十年中使用悉生水生冷动物获得的研究结果，特别强调宿主与微生物的相互作用，以及该领域未来研究的前景。此外，还总结了用于养殖无菌水生动物和验证污染的程序，并提出了这些程序的标准化建议。
