Adams Douglas, Pimple Kenneth D
Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, University of Arkansas, 211 Main, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Account Res. 2005 Jul-Sep;12(3):225-40. doi: 10.1080/08989620500217495.
For 200 years, criminologists theorized that delinquent and criminal acts arise from deviant psychological states (such as irrationality or immorality) and/or social conditions that produce these psychological states. This theoretical perspective, which is being duplicated in most efforts to understand and control research misconduct, has not been productive. More recently, criminological perspectives have emerged, emphasizing situational factors that enhance or restrict the opportunity for illegal or imprudent behavior. These so-called "opportunity" theories have been shown to have practical value in reducing crime rates. We explore the promise of these newer theories for the responsible conduct of research (RCR).
200年来，犯罪学家们提出理论认为，犯罪行为源于异常的心理状态（如非理性或不道德）和/或产生这些心理状态的社会环境。在大多数理解和控制科研不端行为的努力中，这种理论观点不断被重复，但却没有产生实际效果。最近，犯罪学视角有所转变，开始强调那些增强或限制非法或轻率行为机会的情境因素。这些所谓的“机会”理论已被证明在降低犯罪率方面具有实际价值。我们探讨这些更新的理论对负责任研究行为（RCR）的前景。
