Buijs Jasper, Martinet Marianne, de Mendiburu Felipe, Ghislain Marc
International Potato Center, Apartado 1558, Lima 12, Peru.
Environ Biosafety Res. 2005 Jul-Sep;4(3):179-88. doi: 10.1051/ebr:2006002.
This paper analyzes some important issues surrounding possible deployment of genetically engineered (GE) insect-resistant potato in Peru, based on a large farmer survey held in Peru in 2003. We found that the formal seed system plays a limited role compared with the informal seed system, especially for smallholder farmers. Although 97% of smallholder farmers would buy seed of an insect-resistant variety, a majority would buy it only once every 2 to 4 years. Survey data show that farmers would be willing to pay a premium of 50% on seed cost for insect resistant varieties. Paying price premiums of 25% to 50%, farmers would still increase their net income, assuming insect resistance is high and pesticide use will be strongly reduced. Of all farmers, 55% indicated preference for insect-resistant potato in varieties other than their current varieties. The survey indicates that smallholder farmers are interested to experiment with new varieties and have a positive perception of improved varieties. Based on these findings, and considering the difficulties implementing existing biosafety regulatory systems such as those in place in the U.S. and E.U., we propose to develop a variety-based segregation system to separate GE from conventionally bred potatoes. In such a system, which would embrace the spread of GE potatoes through informal seed systems, only a limited number of sterile varieties would be introduced that are easily distinguishable from conventional varieties.
本文基于2003年在秘鲁开展的一项大规模农户调查，分析了秘鲁可能部署转基因抗虫马铃薯所涉及的一些重要问题。我们发现，与非正式种子系统相比，正规种子系统发挥的作用有限，尤其是对小农户而言。尽管97%的小农户会购买抗虫品种的种子，但大多数人只会每2至4年购买一次。调查数据显示，农民愿意为抗虫品种的种子支付高出种子成本50%的溢价。假设抗虫性高且农药使用将大幅减少，支付25%至50%的价格溢价，农民的净收入仍会增加。在所有农户中，55%表示更喜欢其现有品种以外的抗虫马铃薯品种。调查表明，小农户有兴趣试验新品种，并且对改良品种有积极的看法。基于这些发现，并考虑到实施现有生物安全监管系统（如美国和欧盟现行的系统）存在的困难，我们建议开发一种基于品种的隔离系统，将转基因马铃薯与传统培育的马铃薯区分开来。在这样一个将涵盖转基因马铃薯通过非正式种子系统传播的系统中，只会引入数量有限的不育品种，这些品种易于与传统品种区分开来。
