Contento Isobel R, Williams Sunyna S, Michela John L, Franklin Amie B
Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2006 May;38(5):575-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.05.025.
To understand from the adolescents' own perspective the decision-making processes they use to make food choices on an everyday basis and how they resolve their need for personal control over food choices with the values of family and peers.
A sample of 108 adolescents, aged 11-18 years, were individually interviewed. They were asked in a simulated task to choose a lunch from a menu of offerings and give reasons for their choices. In addition, open-ended questions probed for meal structures, dinners, perceptions of degree of choice, role of family and peers. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, coded, and analyzed for emerging themes.
Primary food choice criteria were taste, familiarity/habit, health, dieting, and fillingness. Lunches had a definite structure, and lunches differed from dinners. The food choice process involved personal food decision-making rules such as trade-offs among choice criteria within a meal (e.g., taste for core items and health for secondary items), and between lunches with peers (taste) and family dinners (health); negotiation patterns with the family (autonomy versus family needs); and interactions with peers.
The food choice process for most adolescents seemed to involve cognitive self-regulation where conflicting values for food choices were integrated and brought into alignment with desired consequences. Educators and practitioners should recognize the dilemmas adolescents face in making food choices and help them develop strategies for balancing less healthful with more healthful food items, through: (a) personal food decision-making rules, (b) effective negotiations with family members; and (c) appropriate interaction patterns with peers.
从青少年自身的角度了解他们在日常生活中做出食物选择的决策过程，以及他们如何通过家庭和同伴的价值观来解决对食物选择的个人控制权需求。
对108名年龄在11至18岁之间的青少年进行了个体访谈。要求他们在一项模拟任务中从提供的菜单中选择午餐并给出选择的理由。此外，通过开放式问题探究饮食结构、晚餐、选择程度的认知、家庭和同伴的作用。访谈进行了录音、转录、编码，并对出现的主题进行了分析。
主要的食物选择标准是口味、熟悉度/习惯、健康、节食和饱腹感。午餐有明确的结构，且午餐与晚餐不同。食物选择过程涉及个人食物决策规则，例如在一餐内的选择标准之间进行权衡（例如，核心食物选口味，次要食物选健康），以及在与同伴共进午餐（口味）和家庭晚餐（健康）之间进行权衡；与家庭的协商模式（自主性与家庭需求）；以及与同伴的互动。
大多数青少年的食物选择过程似乎涉及认知自我调节，即食物选择的相互冲突的价值观被整合并与期望的结果保持一致。教育工作者和从业者应认识到青少年在做出食物选择时面临的困境，并通过以下方式帮助他们制定平衡健康食物和不健康食物的策略：（a）个人食物决策规则；（b）与家庭成员进行有效的协商；以及（c）与同伴建立适当的互动模式。
