Yamamoto-Kimura Liria, Posadas-Romero Carlos, Posadas-Sánchez Rosalinda, Zamora-González José, Cardoso-Saldaña Guillermo, Méndez Ramírez Ignacio
Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
J Adolesc Health. 2006 May;38(5):591-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.04.004.
To examine the prevalence of coronary risk factors in Mexican adolescents, and their relations to school type, gender, and residence in urban and rural areas.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 3121 junior high school students, aged 12 to 16 years, attending urban schools (eight public, n = 1850, two private, n = 480) and three rural public (n = 791) schools. Weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting glucose and lipid-lipoprotein levels were measured. Tobacco smoking and physical activity were also ascertained. The prevalence rates of cardiovascular risk factors were determined by gender and school type.
Obesity, overweight, high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity were higher for urban than rural adolescents. The prevalence of the low HDL-C level was exceedingly high in adolescents of three school types (> 30%) but particularly in male rural students (48.9%). Compared with rural students, high LDL-cholesterol was twice as high in private schoolchildren. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was .35% in the whole population and much higher in obese males (1.6%) and obese females (2.4%).
Our findings highlight an epidemic of coronary risk factors mainly in adolescents living in the urban area, suggesting the importance of environmental factors.
研究墨西哥青少年冠状动脉危险因素的患病率，以及这些因素与学校类型、性别及城乡居住地之间的关系。
对3121名12至16岁的初中生进行了横断面调查，这些学生来自城市学校（8所公立学校，n = 1850；2所私立学校，n = 480）和3所农村公立学校（n = 791）。测量了体重、身高、腰围、血压、空腹血糖和血脂脂蛋白水平。还确定了吸烟情况和体育活动情况。按性别和学校类型确定心血管危险因素的患病率。
城市青少年的肥胖、超重、高血压、吸烟和缺乏体育活动情况比农村青少年更为严重。三种学校类型的青少年中低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的患病率都非常高（> 30%），但农村男学生尤其高（48.9%）。与农村学生相比，私立学校学生的高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇患病率是农村学生的两倍。空腹血糖受损在总体人群中的患病率为0.35%，在肥胖男性（1.6%）和肥胖女性（2.4%）中更高。
我们的研究结果突出了冠状动脉危险因素在主要居住在城市地区的青少年中的流行情况，表明环境因素的重要性。
