Christensen Maj Vinberg, Kessing Lars Vedel
Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denkark.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2006;60(2):79-88. doi: 10.1080/08039480600600300.
The aim was to investigate whether personality traits predict onset of the first depressive or manic episode (the vulnerability hypothesis) and whether personality might be altered by the mood disorder (the scar hypothesis). A systematic review of population-based and high-risk studies concerning personality traits and affective disorder in adults was conducted. Nine cross-sectional high-risk studies, seven longitudinal high-risk studies and nine longitudinal population-based studies were found. Most studies support the vulnerability hypothesis and there is evidence that neuroticism is a premorbid risk factor for developing depressive disorder. The evidence for the scar hypothesis is sparse, but the studies with the strongest design showed evidence for both hypotheses. Only few studies of bipolar disorder were found and the association between personality traits and bipolar disorder is unclear. Neuroticism seem to be a risk factor by which vulnerable individuals can be identified, thus preventing the development of depressive disorder. A connection between personality traits and development of bipolar disorder, and evidence of a personality-changing effect of affective episodes need to be further investigated.
目的是研究人格特质是否能预测首次抑郁或躁狂发作的发生（易感性假说），以及人格是否会因心境障碍而改变（创伤假说）。我们对基于人群和高危人群的关于成人人格特质与情感障碍的研究进行了系统综述。共找到九项横断面高危研究、七项纵向高危研究和九项纵向人群研究。大多数研究支持易感性假说，且有证据表明神经质是发生抑郁症的病前危险因素。关于创伤假说的证据较少，但设计最为严谨的研究为这两种假说都提供了证据。仅找到少数关于双相情感障碍的研究，人格特质与双相情感障碍之间的关联尚不清楚。神经质似乎是一个可用于识别易感个体的危险因素，从而预防抑郁症的发生。人格特质与双相情感障碍的发展之间的联系，以及情感发作对人格的改变作用的证据，有待进一步研究。
