Keefe Robert H, Lane Sandra D, Swarts Heidi J
School of Social Work, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, 14260-1050, USA.
J Health Soc Policy. 2006;21(3):55-69. doi: 10.1300/J045v21n03_04.
Although health-based social movements organized by grassroots activists have a rich history in impacting health and social policy, few systematic studies have addressed their policy change efforts or effectiveness. In this article, the authors trace how four health-based social movements-the women's health movement, ACT UP, breast cancer, and needle exchange-influenced health and social policy legislation. The activists' efforts wrested control of "authoritative knowledge" that had once been the sole domain of "experts" with advanced medical training. They used this knowledge to empower "average" people with medical information, promote self help and engage in civil disobedience, which led to changes in healthcare delivery, drug testing and approval, and increased research funds for HIV/AIDS, breast cancer, and needle exchange. The activists' efforts led to other health-based social movements that are currently, or will become, issues for health and social policy analysts in the future.
尽管由基层活动家组织的基于健康的社会运动在影响健康和社会政策方面有着丰富的历史，但很少有系统的研究探讨过它们在政策变革方面的努力或成效。在本文中，作者追溯了四个基于健康的社会运动——妇女健康运动、艾滋病解放力量联盟（ACT UP）、乳腺癌运动和针头交换运动——是如何影响健康和社会政策立法的。活动家们的努力夺回了曾经是受过高级医学培训的“专家”独家领域的“权威知识”控制权。他们利用这些知识赋予“普通”民众医学信息，促进自助并参与公民抗命，这导致了医疗服务、药物测试与审批方面的变革，以及用于艾滋病、乳腺癌和针头交换的研究资金增加。活动家们的努力引发了其他基于健康的社会运动，这些运动目前或未来将成为健康和社会政策分析师关注的问题。
