Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
J Sci Food Agric. 2010 Aug 30;90(11):1897-904. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.4030.
To reduce herbicide use by 75%, integrated use of sorghum and sunflower extracts each at 18 L ha(-1) combined with 1/4(th) (75% less) of label rates of four herbicides (mesosulfuron + idosulfuron, metribuzin, phenoxaprop-p-ethyl and isoproturon) were investigated for the management of wild oat and canary grass, the two pernicious weeds in wheat fields worldwide.
The results revealed that sorghum + sunflower extracts combined with 1/4(th) (75% less) of label rates of herbicides inhibited dry matter production of wild oat by up to 89% and canary grass by up to 92%. The wild oat and canary grass persistence index in sorghum + sunflower extracts combined with 1/4(th) (75% less) of label rates of herbicides was either lower or equal to respective label rates of herbicides, except sorghum + sunflower extract + 1/4(th) phenoxaprop-p-ethyl. Lower herbicide rates + water extracts also produced wheat grain yield statistically equal with label rates of respective herbicides. Two treatments having water extracts + lower herbicides rates were economical and sorghum + sunflower + 1/4(th) mesosulfuron + idosulfuron produced the highest (4404%) marginal rate of return.
Herbicides use can be reduced by 75% through integration with sorghum + sunflower extracts without compromising yield and net benefits for cost-effective and eco-friendly management of wild oat and canary grass in wheat.
为了减少 75%的除草剂使用量，研究了高粱和向日葵提取物各 18 L/公顷与四种除草剂（甲磺隆+乙羧氟草醚、莠去津、苯唑草酮和异丙隆）标签推荐用量的四分之一（减少 75%）混合使用，以防治全球麦田中两种危害性杂草野燕麦和犬草。
结果表明，高粱+向日葵提取物与除草剂标签推荐用量的四分之一（减少 75%）混合使用，可使野燕麦的干物质产量减少 89%，犬草的干物质产量减少 92%。在高粱+向日葵提取物与除草剂标签推荐用量的四分之一（减少 75%）混合使用的情况下，野燕麦和犬草的持久性指数要么低于，要么等于各自的除草剂标签推荐用量，除了高粱+向日葵提取物+四分之一（减少 75%）苯唑草酮。低剂量除草剂+水提取物也可使小麦籽粒产量与各自除草剂标签推荐用量相当。含有水提取物+低剂量除草剂的两种处理方法具有经济性，且高粱+向日葵+四分之一（减少 75%）甲磺隆+乙羧氟草醚的边际收益率最高（4404%）。
通过与高粱+向日葵提取物结合，可以减少 75%的除草剂使用量，而不会影响产量和净收益，从而实现对麦田野燕麦和犬草的经济、环保和有效的管理。
