Royzman Edward B, Rozin Paul
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Emotion. 2006 Feb;6(1):82-93. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.1.82.
Seven studies tested the hypothesis that compared with sympathy symhedonia (sympathy for another's good fortune) is inherently more contingent on prior emotional attachment to its targets. As predicted, Studies 1-4 found that reported attachment was higher for past episodes of symhedonia than for those of sympathy and that recalled incidence of sympathy exceeded that of symhedonia when the target was a stranger. Study 5 showed that whereas symhedonia was significantly higher for high- versus low-attachment targets sympathy was not. Study 6 found that sympathy is more likely than symhedonia when a relationship is strained. Study 7 found that both sympathy and symhedonia are weaker for nonclose (vs. close) others, but the disparity is significantly smaller for sympathy than for symhedonia.
与同情相比，共鸣喜悦（对他人好运的共鸣）本质上更取决于之前对其对象的情感依恋。正如预测的那样，研究1 - 4发现，报告的对过去共鸣喜悦事件的依恋高于对同情事件的依恋，并且当对象是陌生人时，回忆起的同情发生率超过了共鸣喜悦。研究5表明，与低依恋对象相比，高依恋对象的共鸣喜悦显著更高，而同情则不然。研究6发现，当关系紧张时，同情比共鸣喜悦更有可能产生。研究7发现，对非亲密（与亲密相对）他人的同情和共鸣喜悦都较弱，但同情方面的差异比对共鸣喜悦的差异显著更小。
