Frank Michael J, Claus Eric D
Department of Psychology.
Psychol Rev. 2006 Apr;113(2):300-326. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.113.2.300.
The authors explore the division of labor between the basal ganglia-dopamine (BG-DA) system and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in decision making. They show that a primitive neural network model of the BG-DA system slowly learns to make decisions on the basis of the relative probability of rewards but is not as sensitive to (a) recency or (b) the value of specific rewards. An augmented model that explores BG-OFC interactions is more successful at estimating the true expected value of decisions and is faster at switching behavior when reinforcement contingencies change. In the augmented model, OFC areas exert top-down control on the BG and premotor areas by representing reinforcement magnitudes in working memory. The model successfully captures patterns of behavior resulting from OFC damage in decision making, reversal learning, and devaluation paradigms and makes additional predictions for the underlying source of these deficits.
作者探讨了基底神经节-多巴胺（BG-DA）系统与眶额皮质（OFC）在决策过程中的分工。他们表明，BG-DA系统的一个原始神经网络模型会基于奖励的相对概率慢慢学习做出决策，但对（a）近期性或（b）特定奖励的价值不太敏感。一个探索BG-OFC相互作用的增强模型在估计决策的真实预期价值方面更成功，并且在强化意外情况改变时切换行为的速度更快。在增强模型中，OFC区域通过在工作记忆中表征强化幅度，对BG和运动前区施加自上而下的控制。该模型成功捕捉了在决策、逆向学习和贬值范式中OFC损伤所导致的行为模式，并对这些缺陷的潜在根源做出了额外预测。
