Carpenter Mark G, Adkin Allan L, Brawley Lawrence R, Frank James S
School of Human Kinetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Age Ageing. 2006 May;35(3):298-303. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afl002.
To determine if increases in balance challenge influenced concomitant change in self-efficacy, state anxiety and physiological arousal, and if these changes were correlated with changes in standing balance in young and older adults.
A 2 x 2 between- (age) by within-subject (balance challenge) factorial design.
quiet standing trials were performed on low and high support-surface heights in a research laboratory.
14 Young (22-31 years) and 14 older (60-83 years) adults with no known neurological or balance disorders, or falls within the last year.
Forceplate-derived measures of standing balance, measures of state anxiety, blood pressure and task-specific balance and coping self-efficacy.
Independent of age, mean position, amplitude and frequency of centre of pressure displacements were significantly influenced by surface height, as were anxiety and efficacy. Decreased amplitude and increased frequency changes observed in both age groups with increased balance challenge were consistent with a stiffening strategy. Blood pressure, state anxiety and self-efficacy were correlated with different postural control changes in young and older adults.
Older adults used the same stiffening strategy as young adults to cope with the increased anxiety and lowered confidence associated with standing on a high surface. Converging evidence indicates that physiological status, state anxiety and balance efficacy are related to specific changes in postural performance with increased balance challenge. Findings highlight the potential additive effects of psychological and physiological factors on clinical balance performance and the need to consider comprehensive rehabilitation and prevention techniques that concern psychological and physiological contributions to balance deficits.
确定平衡挑战的增加是否会影响自我效能感、状态焦虑和生理唤醒的伴随变化，以及这些变化是否与年轻人和老年人站立平衡的变化相关。
一项2×2组间（年龄）×组内（平衡挑战）析因设计。
在研究实验室中，在低和高支撑面高度上进行安静站立试验。
14名年轻人（22 - 31岁）和14名老年人（60 - 83岁），无已知神经或平衡障碍，且在过去一年中未发生跌倒。
通过测力台测量站立平衡、状态焦虑、血压以及特定任务的平衡和应对自我效能感。
与年龄无关，支撑面高度显著影响压力中心位移的平均位置、幅度和频率，焦虑和自我效能感也受其影响。随着平衡挑战增加，两个年龄组中观察到的幅度减小和频率增加变化与一种僵硬策略一致。血压、状态焦虑和自我效能感与年轻人和老年人不同的姿势控制变化相关。
老年人采用与年轻人相同的僵硬策略来应对与站在高表面相关的焦虑增加和信心降低。越来越多的证据表明，生理状态、状态焦虑和平衡效能与随着平衡挑战增加姿势表现的特定变化有关。研究结果强调了心理和生理因素对临床平衡表现的潜在累加效应，以及需要考虑涉及心理和生理对平衡缺陷影响的综合康复和预防技术。
