Cozar-Castellano Irene, Fiaschi-Taesch Nathalie, Bigatel Todd A, Takane Karen K, Garcia-Ocaña Adolfo, Vasavada Rupangi, Stewart Andrew F
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, BST E-1140, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Endocr Rev. 2006 Jun;27(4):356-70. doi: 10.1210/er.2006-0004. Epub 2006 Apr 25.
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes both result from inadequate production of insulin by the beta-cells of the pancreatic islet. Accordingly, strategies that lead to increased pancreatic beta-cell mass, as well as retained or enhanced function of islets, would be desirable for the treatment of diabetes. Although pancreatic beta-cells have long been viewed as terminally differentiated and irreversibly arrested, evidence now indicates that beta-cells can and do replicate, that this replication can be enhanced by a variety of maneuvers, and that beta-cell replication plays a quantitatively significant role in maintaining pancreatic beta-cell mass and function. Because beta-cells have been viewed as being unable to proliferate, the science of beta-cell replication is undeveloped. In the past several years, however, this has begun to change at a rapid pace, and many laboratories are now focused on elucidating the molecular details of the control of cell cycle in the beta-cell. In this review, we review the molecular details of cell cycle control as they relate to the pancreatic beta-cell. Our hope is that this review can serve as a common basis and also a roadmap for those interested in developing novel strategies for enhancing beta-cell replication and improving insulin production in animal models as well as in human pancreatic beta-cells.
1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病均源于胰岛β细胞胰岛素分泌不足。因此，增加胰腺β细胞数量以及维持或增强胰岛功能的策略对于糖尿病治疗而言是可取的。尽管长期以来人们一直认为胰腺β细胞是终末分化且不可逆停滞的，但现在有证据表明β细胞能够且确实可以复制，这种复制可通过多种手段增强，并且β细胞复制在维持胰腺β细胞数量和功能方面发挥着重要的定量作用。由于β细胞一直被认为无法增殖，β细胞复制的科学研究尚不发达。然而，在过去几年中，这种情况已开始迅速改变，许多实验室现在专注于阐明β细胞中细胞周期调控的分子细节。在本综述中，我们回顾与胰腺β细胞相关的细胞周期调控的分子细节。我们希望这篇综述能够成为一个共同的基础，同时也为那些有兴趣在动物模型以及人类胰腺β细胞中开发增强β细胞复制和改善胰岛素分泌新策略的人提供一个路线图。
